Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamagetsi, zamagetsi, ndi zida zapakhomo. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani opanga magetsi akukula mofulumira komanso mokhazikika, ndipo chitukuko chachangu cha zida zapakhomo chabweretsa gawo lalikulu logwiritsira ntchito waya wopangidwa ndi enamel, kutsatiridwa ndi zofunikira zapamwamba za waya wopangidwa ndi enamel. Pachifukwa ichi, n'kosapeweka kusintha kapangidwe ka zinthu za waya wopangidwa ndi enamel, ndipo zipangizo zopangira (mkuwa ndi lacquer), njira yopangidwa ndi enamel, zida zopangira ndi njira zodziwira nazonso zikufunika kupangidwa ndi kufufuzidwa mwachangu [1].
Pakadali pano, ku China kuli opanga mawaya opangidwa ndi enamel oposa 1000, ndipo mphamvu yopangira pachaka yapitirira matani 250000 ~ 300000. Koma kawirikawiri, momwe waya wopangidwa ndi enamel ku China ulili ndi kubwerezabwereza kochepa, makamaka, "zida zotulutsa zambiri, zotsika mtengo, zobwerera m'mbuyo". Pachifukwa ichi, mawaya opangidwa ndi enamel apamwamba kwambiri a zida zapakhomo amafunikabe kutumizidwa kunja, osatinso kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wamisika yapadziko lonse. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kuwirikiza kawiri khama lathu losintha momwe zinthu zilili, kuti ukadaulo wa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel ku China ugwirizane ndi kufunikira kwa msika, ndikupikisana pamsika wapadziko lonse.

Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
1) Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa acetal
Waya wa enamel wa Acetal ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira padziko lonse lapansi. Unagulitsidwa pamsika ndi Germany ndi United States mu 1930. Soviet Union idakulanso mwachangu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya polyvinyl formal ndi polyvinyl acetal. China idaphunziranso bwino m'zaka za m'ma 1960. Ngakhale kuti kalasi yotsutsa kutentha kwa waya wa enamel ndi yotsika (105 ° C, 120 ° C), imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu transformer yomizidwa ndi mafuta chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri kwa hydrolysis. Khalidweli ladziwika ndi mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, pali kupanga kochepa ku China, makamaka waya wa enamel wa flat flat womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga transposed conductor ya transformer yayikulu [1].
2) Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, West Germany idapanga koyamba utoto wa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester wochokera ku dimethyl terephthalate. Chifukwa cha kukana kutentha bwino komanso mphamvu yamakina, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira utoto komanso mtengo wotsika, wakhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinkalamulira msika wa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel kuyambira m'ma 1950. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso hydrolysis yosavuta pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri, waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester ngati chophimba chimodzi sunapangidwenso ku West Germany ndi United States kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, koma unapangidwabe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka ku Japan, China ndi Southeast Asia. Ziwerengero mu 1986 zikuwonetsa kuti kutulutsa kwa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester ku China kumawerengera 96.4% ya kutulutsa konse. Pambuyo pa zaka 10 zoyeserera, mitundu ya waya wopangidwa ndi enamel yapangidwa, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka.
Ntchito yambiri yachitika pakusintha kwa polyester ku China, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa THEIC ndi kusintha kwa imine. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel, kupanga mitundu iwiriyi ya utoto kudakali kochepa. Mpaka pano, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester wosinthidwa kukufunikabe kuganiziridwa.
3) Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyurethane
Utoto wa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyurethane unapangidwa ndi Bayer mu 1937. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kusungunula mwachindunji, kukana pafupipafupi komanso kupendekera utoto. Pakadali pano, mayiko akunja amasamala kwambiri pakukweza mtundu wa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyurethane popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe ake owotcherera mwachindunji. Ku Europe, United States, Japan yapanga waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyurethane wa kalasi ya F, H-class. Chifukwa cha kukula mwachangu kwa ma TV amitundu, waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyurethane wokhala ndi dzenje lalikulu lopanda mchere la TV yamitundu FBT yopangidwa ndi Japan yakopa chidwi cha mayiko onse padziko lapansi, ndipo ikadali patsogolo pa Japan.
Kupanga waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyurethane kunyumba kuli pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale kuti utoto wamba wa polyurethane umapangidwa ndi mafakitale ena, chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito, ubwino wa pamwamba ndi mavuto ena, utotowu umatumizidwa kwambiri kunja. Polyurethane ya Giredi F yapangidwa ku China, koma palibe mphamvu yopangira yomwe yapangidwa. Utoto waukulu wa polyurethane wopanda mabowo wapangidwanso bwino ndikugulitsidwa pamsika, makamaka wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga FBT coil ya TV yakuda ndi yoyera.
4) Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyesterimide
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha kwa polyesterimide, kuchuluka kwa waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyesterimide padziko lonse lapansi kwawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira m'ma 1970. Ku Europe ndi America, waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wasintha kwathunthu waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester umodzi. Pakadali pano, zinthu zoyimira padziko lonse lapansi ndi zinthu zamtundu wa terebe FH zochokera ku Germany ndi zinthu zamtundu wa isomid zochokera ku United States. Nthawi yomweyo, tapanga waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyesterimide wopangidwa ndi enamel, womwe wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati kupotoza kwa mota yaying'ono, kupangitsa kuti njira yowotcherera ikhale yosavuta komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wopanga mota. Anthu ena aku Japan amagwiritsanso ntchito utoto wa polyesterimide wopangidwa ndi enamel ngati choyambira cha waya wodzipangira wokha wa TV deflection coil, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta. Utoto wa polyesterimide wapakhomo wabweretsa ukadaulo wopanga kuchokera ku Germany ndi Italy, ndipo wapangidwanso bwino. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa zipangizo zopangira ndi zifukwa zina, utoto wambiri wa polyesterimide wapakhomo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyambira cha waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wosakanikirana ndi firiji umadalirabe zinthu zochokera kunja. Ndi mawaya ochepa okha a polyesterimide enamel omwe amapakidwa utoto wapakhomo, koma kusakhazikika kwa magetsi kukupitirirabe. Utoto wa polyesterimide wosokedwa mwachindunji wapangidwa bwino ndi Cable Research Institute.
5) Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyimide
Utoto wa Polyimide ndi utoto wa waya wotetezedwa ndi enamel womwe sutentha kwambiri pakati pa mawaya opangidwa ndi enamel achilengedwe pakadali pano, ndipo kutentha kwake kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kufika madigiri 220 Celsius. Utotowu unapangidwa ndi United States mu 1958. Waya wotetezedwa ndi enamel wa Polyimide uli ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana bwino zosungunulira komanso kukana kuzizira. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera, kukhazikika kosakhala bwino pakusungira komanso poizoni, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu kumakhudzidwa. Pakadali pano, waya wotetezedwa ndi enamel umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zina zapadera, monga mota ya migodi ya malasha, zida zamlengalenga ndi zina zotero.
6) Utoto wa Polyamide
Utoto wa Polyamide imide ndi mtundu wa utoto wa waya wopindika wokhala ndi mphamvu zonse zosalowerera, wopirira kutentha kwambiri, wokhala ndi mphamvu zamakanika, wotsutsa firiji komanso wotsutsa mankhwala, kotero uli ndi mbiri ya mfumu ya utoto wa waya wopindika. Pakadali pano, utotowu umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati topcoat ya waya wopindika kuti uwonjezere kukana kutentha kwa waya wopindika ndikuchepetsa mtengo. Pakadali pano, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphimba waya wopindika womwe suzizira ku China, ndipo utoto wochepa uwu umapangidwa ku China, makamaka wochokera ku United States, Italy ndi Germany.
7) Chivundikiro chophatikizana cha waya wopangidwa ndi enamel
Chigawo chotenthetsera cha Composite nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza kukana kutentha ndikupanga waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wapadera. Poyerekeza ndi waya wopangidwa ndi enamel umodzi, waya wopangidwa ndi enamel uli ndi ubwino wotsatirawu: (1) ukhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapadera zogwiritsira ntchito, monga waya wodzimatira wodzipangira wokha kuti ukhale wosavuta kupanga, waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wosagwira firiji wa firiji ndi compressor ya air conditioner, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingatheke kudzera mu kapangidwe ka chophimba chopangidwa ndi composite; (2) ukhoza kusintha ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito kudzera mu kuphatikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, waya wopangidwa ndi polyester / nylon wopangidwa ndi enamel umathandizira magwiridwe antchito a kutentha komanso kuzunguliza, zomwe ndizoyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi otentha, ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pozungulira mota ndi kutentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu; (3) ukhoza kuchepetsa mtengo wa mawaya ena opangidwa ndi enamel, monga polyester imide ndi polyamide imide wopangidwa ndi enamel wolowa m'malo mwa waya wopangidwa ndi polyamide imide, zomwe zingachepetse mtengo kwambiri.

kugawa magulu
1.1 malinga ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha
1.1.1 waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa acetal
1.1.2 Waya wokutira utoto wa poliyesitala
1.1.3 waya wokutira wa polyurethane
1.1.4 waya wokutira utoto wa polyester wosinthidwa
Waya wa enamel wa polyester imimide wa 1.1.5
1.1.6 waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester / polyamide
1.1.7 waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyimide
1.2 malinga ndi cholinga cha waya wopindidwa
1.2.1 waya wopangidwa ndi enamel (mzere wamba): umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mawaya ozungulira m'ma mota ambiri, zida zamagetsi, zida, ma transformer ndi zochitika zina zogwirira ntchito, monga waya wokutira utoto wa polyester ndi mzere wokutira utoto wa polyester wosinthidwa.
1.2.2 Mzere wophimba woteteza kutentha: mawaya ozungulira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu injini, zida zamagetsi, zida, ma transformer ndi zochitika zina zogwirira ntchito, monga waya wophimba wa polyester imimide, waya wophimba wa polyimide, mzere wophimba utoto wa polyester, mzere wophimba wa polyester imimide / polyamide imide.
1.2.3 waya wopangidwa ndi enamel wapadera: amatanthauza waya wozungulira wokhala ndi makhalidwe enaake abwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina, monga waya wokutira utoto wa polyurethane (katundu wowotcherera mwachindunji), waya wokutira utoto wodzipangira wokha.
1.3 malinga ndi zinthu zoyendetsera, imagawidwa m'ma waya amkuwa, waya wa aluminiyamu ndi waya wa aloyi.
1.4 malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho, chimagawidwa m'mizere yozungulira, mzere wathyathyathya ndi mzere wopanda kanthu.
1.5 malinga ndi makulidwe a insulation
Mzere wozungulira wa 1.5.1: Filimu yopyapyala-1, filimu yokhuthala-2, filimu yokhuthala-3 (muyezo wa dziko).
1.5.2 mzere wosalala: utoto wamba Filimu-1, utoto wokhuthala-2.
Mzere wa mowa
Waya (monga loko) womwe umadzimatira wekha ukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mowa
Mzere wa ndege yotentha
Waya (monga PEI) womwe umadzimatira wokha ukakhudzidwa ndi kutentha
Waya wawiri
Waya wodzimamatira wokha ukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mowa kapena kutentha
Njira yoyimira
1. chizindikiro + khodi
Khodi ya mndandanda wa 1.1: kapangidwe ka enamel winding: q-paper wrapping winding waya: Z
1.2 zida za kondakitala: Woyendetsa wa Mkuwa: t (yosiyidwa) kondakitala wa aluminiyamu: l
1.3 zipangizo zotetezera kutentha:
Y. A polyamide (nayiloni yoyera) e acetal, polyurethane yotsika kutentha B polyurethane f polyurethane, polyester h polyurethane, polyester imides, polyester yosinthidwa n polyamide imide composite polyester kapena polyesterimide polyamide imide r polyamide imide polyimide C-aryl polyimide
Utoto wochokera ku mafuta: Utoto wa polyester Y (wosachotsedwa): Utoto wa polyester wosinthidwa Z: Z (g) utoto wa acetal: Utoto wa polyurethane Q: utoto wa polyamide: X utoto wa polyimide: y utoto wa epoxy: H utoto wa polyester imimide: ZY polyamide imide: XY
1.4 makhalidwe a kondakitala: mzere wosalala: mzere wozungulira b: Y (wosachotsedwa) mzere wopanda kanthu: K
1.5 makulidwe a filimu: mzere wozungulira: woonda Filimu-1 wandiweyani filimu-2 wokhuthala filimu-3 mzere wathyathyathya: wamba Filimu-1 wokhuthala filimu-2
1.6 kutentha kwa kalasi kumawonetsedwa ndi /xxx
2. chitsanzo
2.1 chitsanzo cha chinthu cha mzere wopindika chimatchedwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zilembo za pinyin zaku China ndi manambala achiarabu: kapangidwe kake kakuphatikizapo zigawo zotsatirazi. Zigawo zomwe zili pamwambapa zimaphatikizidwa motsatizana, zomwe ndi chitsanzo cha chinthu cha mzere wa paketi ya utoto.
3. chitsanzo + tsatanetsatane + nambala yokhazikika
3.1 Zitsanzo za kuyimira zinthu
A. Waya wozungulira wa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi enamel wa polyester, filimu yokhuthala ya utoto, kalasi yotenthetsera 130, mainchesi odziwika bwino 1.000mm, malinga ndi muyezo wa gb6i09.7-90, wofotokozedwa motere: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Ma polyester imides amakutidwa ndi waya wachitsulo, filimu ya utoto wamba, yokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 180, mbali a ya 2.000mm, mbali B ya 6.300mm, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito gb/t7095.4-1995, komwe kumafotokozedwa motere: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
3.2 phesi la mkuwa lozungulira lopanda mpweya
Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel
Waya wopangidwa ndi enamel
3.2.1 mndandanda wa ma code: mtengo wozungulira wamkuwa waukadaulo wamagetsi
3.2.3 malinga ndi makhalidwe a mkhalidwe: mkhalidwe wofewa R, mkhalidwe wolimba y
3.2.4 malinga ndi makhalidwe a ntchito: gawo 1-1, gawo 2-2
3.2.5 chitsanzo cha malonda, tsatanetsatane ndi nambala yokhazikika
Mwachitsanzo: m'mimba mwake ndi 6.7mm, ndipo ndodo ya mkuwa yozungulira yopanda mpweya ya kalasi 1 imafotokozedwa ngati twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89
Waya wa mkuwa wopanda kanthu wa 3.3
3.3.1 waya wamkuwa wopanda kanthu: t
3.3.2 malinga ndi makhalidwe a mkhalidwe: mkhalidwe wofewa R, mkhalidwe wolimba y
3.3.3 malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho: mzere wosalala B, mzere wozungulira y (wosachotsedwa)
Chitsanzo cha 3.3.4: waya wolimba wozungulira wopanda chitsulo wokhala ndi mainchesi a 3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89