Waya wagawidwa ndi zida zazikulu zagalimoto, zida zamagetsi ndi zida zapanyumba. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yakwaniritsa ndikukula msanga, ndipo chitukuko chachangu cha zida zapakhomo zabweretsa gawo lothandizira la waya, lotsatiridwa ndi zofunikira zapamwamba. Pazifukwa izi, ndizosatheka kusintha kapangidwe kaya kaya, ndi zamkuwa ndi lacquers), njira yomwe inakusankhirani, njira zodziwika bwino zimafunikira chitukuko ndi kafukufuku.
Pakadali pano, pali opanga oposa 1000 a waya ku China, ndipo mphamvu yapachaka idapitilira 250000 ~ 300000 matani. Koma nthawi zambiri, mkhalidwe wa waya wa China wophunzitsidwa ndi wochepera, nthawi zambiri amalankhula, "Kutalika kwambiri, kalasi yotsika, m'mphepete mwa m'mbuyo". Panthawi imeneyi, mawaya apamwamba kwambiri omwe amapakana zinthu zapakhomo amafunikanso kuti azilowetsedwa, osangotenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wamayiko apadziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kukonza zoyesayesa zathu kuti tisinthe mawonekedwe, kotero kuti ukadaulo wina wa aina wophunzitsidwa bwino ukhoza kupitilira pamsika, ndikupikisana pamsika wapadziko lonse.

Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
1) waya wa acetal
Waytal wopondera ndi m'modzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira padziko lapansi. Idayikidwa pamsika ndi Germany ndi United States mu 1930. Soviet Union idapangidwanso mwachangu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya polyvinyl yovomerezeka ndi polyvinyl acetal. Chinanso zinawaphunzitsanso m'ma 1960s. Ngakhale kutentha kumatsutsana ndi waya kwa waya komwe kumakhala kotsika (105 ° C, 120 ° C), imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafuta osintha kwambiri chifukwa cha hydrolysis. Khalidwe ili ladziwika ndi mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, pamakhalapo ochepa ku China, makamaka acetal osavala bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga wochititsa yayikulu wosinthira (1].
2) polyester osavala waya
Mkati mwa 1950s, West Germany yoyamba idayamba kupanga utoto wa waya wosakhazikika wokhazikitsidwa pa Dimethyl Terephthalate. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwake komanso kulimba kwa mphamvu, kupaka utoto wopanga utoto ndi mtengo wotsika, wakhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa msika womwe wandithandizira kuyambira m'ma 1950s. Komabe, chifukwa cha mantha osauka omwe amatsutsana ndi ma hydrolysis pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi cha polyester omwe ali ndi mathanthwe kumapeto kwa ma 1970, koma kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Japan, China ndi Southeast. Ziwerengero mu 1986 zikuwonetsa kuti kutulutsa kwa polysiter sikunandikire maakaunti a 96.4% ya zotulutsa. Pambuyo pa zaka 10 zoyesayesa, mitundu ya waya yomwe inatsitsidwa, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka.
Ntchito zambiri zachitika pa polyester kusintha ku China ku China, kuphatikiza kusinthidwa kwa icic komanso kusintha ma imine. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwapadera kwa waya, kupanga kwa mitundu iwiriyi ya utoto akadali kochepa. Pakadali pano, dontho lamagetsi la polyester lomwe linatsitsidwa ndi waya lomwe limafunikira kulandabe.
3) poureurethane waya wopanda pake
PolUrethane utoto wa waya unapangidwa ndi Bayer mu 1937. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu minda yamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi chifukwa cha kukana kwake mwachindunji. Pakadali pano, mayiko akunja amasangalala kwambiri kukonza kutentha kwa kutentha kwa polyurethane. Ku Europe, United States, Japan yapanga gulu la F-Clack, H-Clourethane waya waya. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa ma TV a TV, ounirethane atavala ndi mchere waukulu wamchere wa TV FBT
Kukula kwa doko lanyumba polyirethane waya wopanda pake. Ngakhale utoto wamba polyirethane umapangidwa ndi mafakitale ena, chifukwa chotsatsa bwino, mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mavuto ena, utoto umatumizidwa makamaka. Gigart f polyirethane yapangidwa ku China, koma osapanga mphamvu zomwe zapangidwa. Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa Pusule FreeTane kupangidwanso ndikuyika pamsika, makamaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga coil ya FBB ya FBT
4) Polyesterteimuidetsani waya wophatikizika
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kukana kwa kutentha kudzera mu polyestermide, kuchuluka kwa waya wophunzitsidwa bwino kuyambira m'ma 1970s. Ku Europe ndi America, waya wophatikizika wasintha kwathunthu polyester waya wopanda pake. Pakadali pano, zinthu zoyimilira mdziko lapansi ndizogulitsa zochokera ku Germany ndi zosagwirizana ndi United States. Nthawi yomweyo, takhala ndi waya wogulitsira wa polsosteride, womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati kuwonjezeka kwagalimoto yaying'ono, yosavuta kuwotcha ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopanga mota. Ena ku Japan amagwiritsanso ntchito utoto wachidule wa polyesteride ngati primer yodzikongoletsera yodzikongoletsera ya TV ya TV, yomwe imasinthitsa njirayi. Utoto wa pampando wa pampando wakhazikitsa ukadaulo wopangidwa kuchokera ku Germany ndi Italy, ndipo wapangidwanso bwinobwino. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa zinthu zopangira ndi zifukwa zina, kuchuluka kwa persosterity polyisterity kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji yolimbana ndi mawisi omwe amathandizidwa nawobe. Chiwerengero chochepa cha polyesterimide cholumikizidwa cha polyasteride chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi utoto waboma, koma kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu ya magetsi akadali nkhawa kwa opanga. Utoto wogulitsidwa wa polyusimirani wapangidwa bwino ndi chingale kafukufuku wofufuza.
5) Polymide waya wophatikizika
Polymide ndi utoto wokhazikika kwambiri pakati pa zingwe zomwe zilipo kale, ndipo kutentha kwake kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kufikira 220 ° C. Utoto wake utakhazikika pokana ndi Firiji. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera, kukhazikika kwake kosavomerezeka komanso kuopsa, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhudzidwa. Pakadali pano, waya wophunzitsidwayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina, monga malasha a malasha anga, chida chimodzi ndi zina zotero.
6) utoto wa polyamide
Utoto wa polyamide wa Polyamide ndi mtundu wa utoto wophatikizika ndi utoto wokwanira osalowerera, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana mphamvu, kuwerengera kwamphamvu kwa utoto wa waya. Pakadali pano, utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazomwe zimakhala zapadera, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati tsamba lapamwamba lopanga waya wophatikizika ndi kukana kutentha kwa waya ndikuchepetsa mtengo wake. Pakadali pano, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati waya wochepera ku China, ndipo utoto wocheperako umapangidwa ku China, wochokera ku United States, Italy ndi Germany.
7) compulani yolumikizana ndi waya
Kusanjana kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso kutentha ndikupanga cholinga chapadera chophunzitsidwa. Poyerekeza ndi waya wophatikizika wophatikizika, wopanga waya wophatikizika ndi maubwino otsatila: . .

kupatula
1.1 Malinga ndi zotchingira zinthu
1.1.1
1.1.2 Polsiester Pulper waya waya
1.1.3 Polyurethane waya waya
1.1.4 Yosinthidwa ya Polyester Firping waya waya
1.1.5 polyester immimade
1.1.6 Polyester / Polyamide Imder waya
1.1.7 Polymide waya
1.2 Malinga ndi cholinga cha waya wophunzitsidwa
1,2.1 Cholinga cha Insermed Cinemer (mzere wamba): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa mawaya ozungulira, zida zamagetsi, oikidwa polyester wopaka utoto wa polyester.
1.2.2 Kutentha Kwakukundana: Mawaya owombera amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi, zida, oundana ogwirira ntchito, monga polyeter Imiide ​​/ Polyeter Imiide ​​/ Polyamide Immide
1,2.3 Cholinga Chapadera Chopanda Waya: Kutanthauza waya ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndikugwiritsa ntchito kaya wa polyurethane), kudzikonda zomata zojambula.
1.3 Malinga ndi wochititsa chidwi, amagawidwa mu waya wamkuwa, aluminiyam waya ndi waya wa Alloy.
1.4 Malinga ndi mawonekedwe, imagawidwa pamzere wozungulira, mzere wathyathyathya ndi mzere wa sublolo.
1.5 Malinga ndi makulidwe makulidwe
1.5.1 mzere wozungulira: woonda wa filimu-1, filimu yolimba-2, filimu yothira-3 (National Standard).
1.5.2 Mzere wathyathyathya: Phiri wamba wa penti-1, penti yothiridwa-2.
Mowa
Waya (mwachitsanzo, loko) lomwe limadzikongoletsa mothandizidwa ndi mowa
Mzere wotentha
Waya (mwachitsanzo pei) omwe amadzitsatira motsatira kutentha
Waya wachiwiri
Waya yemwe amadzitsatira momata mothandizidwa ndi mowa kapena kutentha
Njira Yoyimira
1. Chizindikiro +
1.1 Pulani Pulani: Kupanga kwa Winnamer: Q-Pepala Kukulunga Waya Wapamwamba: Z
1,2 opanga: Copper Conductor: T (adasiyidwa) aluminium wochititsa: l
1.3 Zipangizo Zopambana:
Y. Polyamidide (Woyera nylon) ecetal, kutentha kochepa polyirethane
Utoto wa mafuta: y (osiyidwa) utoto wa polyester: z (z (z) utoto: zy polsomide imide: xy
Mapangidwe a 1.4 a Haduductor: Mzere wa Flat: B-Circtrict Mzere: y (adasiyidwa) Mzere wa Hollolo: K
1.5 makulidwe amtundu: mzere wowonda: Woonda wa filimu-1 filimu ya filimu-2 yothira
1.6 Gawo la matenthedwe limafotokozedwa ndi / xxx
2. Model
21 Magawo omwe ali pamwambawa amaphatikizidwa motsatira, yomwe ndi mtundu wazomwe zimapangidwa ndi chingwe cha utoto.
3. Chitsanzo + choyerekeza +
3.1 zitsanzo za zojambulajambula
A. Polyester adalumikizana ndi waya wozungulira, filimu yanthete, kutentha kwanyengo 130, mainchesi angapo 1.000mm, quz-2 / 130.7-90.7-90.7-90
B. Polyuester zikuphatikizidwa ndi waya wachitsulo, filimu wamba ya utoto, ndi kutentha kwa 20, pambali ya gb / t709,400.300 GB / T7995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995.4-1995
3.2 oxygen free phes tempy
Waya wafupi
Waya wafupi
3.2.1 Real code: Country Copper Poler of Enginer
3.2.3 Malinga ndi machitidwe a State: State State R, hard y
3.2.4 Malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito: mulingo 1-1, mulingo 2-2
3.2.5 Mtundu wa Zogulitsa, Zolingana ndi Nambala Yokhazikika
Mwachitsanzo: Diameter ndi 6.7mm, ndi kalasi 1 yovuta mpweya waulere wa mkuwa wafotokozedwa ngati t t ty-16.7 gb3952.289
3.3 Wovala waya wamkuwa
3.3.1 Kuvala waya wamkuwa: T
3.3.2 Malinga ndi machitidwe a State: State State R, hard y
3.3.3 Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu: Flat Line B, lozungulira y (adasiyidwa)
3.3.4: Zithunzi zolimba: