Waya wa enameled ndiye zida zazikulu zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi ndi zida zapakhomo. Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani opanga magetsi apeza kukula kokhazikika komanso kofulumira, ndipo kutukuka kwachangu kwa zida zapakhomo kwabweretsa gawo lalikulu logwiritsa ntchito waya wa enameled, ndikutsatiridwa ndi zofunikira zapamwamba za waya wa enameled. Pachifukwa ichi, n'zosapeŵeka kusintha kapangidwe mankhwala enameled waya, ndi zopangira (mkuwa ndi lacquer), enameled ndondomeko, zipangizo ndondomeko ndi kuzindikira njira akufunikanso mwamsanga chitukuko ndi kafukufuku [1].
Pakali pano, pali opanga oposa 1000 wa waya enameled China, ndi mphamvu pachaka kupanga kuposa matani 250000 ~ 300000. Koma nthawi zambiri, mawaya aku China opangidwa ndi enameled ndi kubwereza kocheperako, nthawi zambiri, "kutulutsa kwakukulu, kalasi yotsika, zida zakumbuyo". Zikatero, mawaya apamwamba a enameled a zipangizo zapakhomo amafunikabe kutumizidwa kunja, osasiya kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wa msika wapadziko lonse. Choncho, tiyenera kuwirikiza kawiri khama lathu kusintha mmene zinthu zilili, kuti China enameled mawaya luso kugwirizana ndi kufunika msika, ndi kupikisana pa msika mayiko.

Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
1) Acetal enameled waya
Waya wa Acetal enamelled ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anaikidwa pamsika ndi Germany ndi United States mu 1930. Soviet Union nayonso inayamba mofulumira. Pali mitundu iwiri ya polyvinyl formal ndi polyvinyl acetal. China idaphunziranso bwino m'ma 1960. Ngakhale kukana kutentha kwa waya wa enameled ndi otsika (105 ° C, 120 ° C), amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu thiransifoma yomizidwa ndi mafuta chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri kwa hydrolysis. Chikhalidwe ichi chadziwika ndi mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Pakali pano, pali ochepa kupanga ku China, makamaka acetal enameled waya lathyathyathya ntchito kupanga transposed kondakitala kwa thiransifoma lalikulu [1].
2) Waya wa polyester enameled
Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, West Germany adayamba kupanga utoto wa waya wa polyester enameled wotengera dimethyl terephthalate. Chifukwa cha kukana kutentha kwake komanso mphamvu zamakina, njira zambiri zopangira utoto komanso mtengo wotsika, zakhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikulamulira msika wama waya wa enameled kuyambira 1950s. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusauka kwamphamvu kwa kutentha kwamphamvu komanso hydrolysis yosavuta pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri, waya wa polyester enameled ngati zokutira umodzi sunapangidwenso ku West Germany ndi United States chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, komabe amapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. zambiri ku Japan, China ndi Southeast Asia. Ziwerengero za 1986 zikuwonetsa kuti kutulutsa kwa waya wa polyester enameled ku China kumapanga 96.4% yazotulutsa zonse. Pambuyo pazaka 10 zoyeserera, mitundu ya waya wa enameled idapangidwa, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka.
Ntchito yambiri yachitika pakusintha poliyesitala ku China, kuphatikiza kusinthidwa kwa THEIC ndikusintha kwa ine. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa waya wa enameled, kupanga mitundu iwiri ya utoto akadali yaying'ono. Pakadali pano, kutsika kwamagetsi kwa waya wosinthidwa wa polyester enameled kumafunikabe kulabadira.
3) Polyurethane enameled waya
Utoto wa waya wa polyurethane enamelled unapangidwa ndi Bayer mu 1937. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi ndi zipangizo zamagetsi chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake, kukana kwafupipafupi komanso dyeability. Pakali pano, mayiko akunja kulabadira kwambiri kusintha kutentha kukana kalasi ya polyurethane enameled waya popanda kukhudza kuwotcherera mwachindunji ntchito yake. Ku Ulaya, United States, Japan apanga F-class, H-class polyurethane enameled waya. Chifukwa chakukula mwachangu kwa ma TV amtundu wamtundu, waya wa polyurethane enameled wokhala ndi pinhole yayikulu yamchere yamchere yamtundu wa TV FBT yopangidwa ndi Japan yakopa chidwi cha mayiko onse padziko lapansi, ndipo ikadali patsogolo pa Japan.
Kukula kwa waya wopangidwa ndi polyurethane enameled kumachedwa. Ngakhale utoto wamba wa polyurethane umapangidwa ndi mafakitale ena, chifukwa chosasunthika bwino, mawonekedwe apamwamba ndi zovuta zina, utoto umatumizidwa makamaka kunja. Gulu F polyurethane idapangidwa ku China, koma palibe mphamvu yopangira yomwe idapangidwa. Utoto wawukulu wa pinhole wopanda polyurethane wapangidwanso bwino ndikuyikidwa pamsika, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga koyilo ya FBT ya TV yakuda ndi yoyera.
4) Polyesterimide enameled waya
Chifukwa chakusintha kwa kutentha kwamphamvu kudzera mukusintha kwa polyesterimide, kuchuluka kwa waya wa polyesterimide enameled padziko lapansi kwachulukirachulukira kuyambira 1970s. Mu Europe ndi America, waya enameled kwathunthu m'malo limodzi ❖ kuyanika polyester enameled waya. Pakalipano, zoimira padziko lonse lapansi ndi terebe FH mndandanda wazinthu zochokera ku Germany ndi mankhwala a isomid ochokera ku United States. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tapanga mwachindunji solderable polyesterimide enameled waya, amene ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati mapiringidzo a galimoto yaing'ono, kufewetsa ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga galimoto. Anthu ena a ku Japan amagwiritsanso ntchito utoto wonyezimira wa polyesterimide ngati choyambira cha waya wodzimatira pawokha wa waya wokhotakhota wa TV, womwe umapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta. Utoto wapanyumba wa polyesterimide wabweretsa ukadaulo wopanga kuchokera ku Germany ndi Italy, ndipo wapangidwanso bwino. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa zipangizo ndi zifukwa zina, utoto wochuluka wa polyesterimide wapakhomo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati refrigerant sugent composite enameled wire primer umadalirabe kuchokera kunja. Mawaya ang'onoang'ono okha opaka polyesterimide enameled amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi utoto wapakhomo, koma kusakhazikika kwa magetsi kumakhalabe nkhawa kwa opanga. Utoto wa Direct solderable polyesterimide wapangidwa bwino ndi Cable Research Institute.
5) Polyimide enameled waya
Polyimide ndi utoto wosasunthika kwambiri wa waya wa enameled pakati pa mawaya a organic enameled pakali pano, ndipo kutentha kwake kwautumiki kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kufika pamwamba pa 220 ° C. Utotowo unapangidwa ndi United States mu 1958. Waya wa polyimide enameled ali ndi kukana kutentha kwakukulu , zabwino zosungunulira kukana ndi refrigerant kukana. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake, kusakhazikika bwino kosungirako komanso kawopsedwe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu kumakhudzidwa. Pakalipano, waya wa enameled amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina zapadera, monga galimoto ya mgodi wa malasha, chida chamlengalenga ndi zina zotero.
6) Polyamide imide utoto
Utoto wa polyamide imide ndi mtundu wa utoto wa waya wa enameled wosalowerera ndale, kukana kutentha kwambiri, makina amakina, kukana kwa refrigerant ndi kukana mankhwala, motero ali ndi mbiri ya mfumu ya utoto wa waya wa enameled. Pakalipano, utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu zake zapadera, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chovala chapamwamba cha waya wopangidwa ndi waya wa enameled kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha kwa waya wamagulu ndi kuchepetsa mtengo. Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti azivala waya wosagwirizana ndi chisanu ku China, ndipo utoto wochepawu umapangidwa ku China, makamaka wochokera ku United States, Italy ndi Germany.
7) Wophatikiza ❖ kuyanika waya enameled
Composite insulation layer nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kalasi yokana kutentha ndikupanga waya wopangidwa ndi enameled. Poyerekeza ndi ❖ kuyanika limodzi enameled waya, gulu ❖ kuyanika enameled waya ali ndi ubwino zotsatirazi: (1) akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika ntchito yapadera, monga kudziona zomatira enameled waya kwa zovuta frameless kupanga, refrigerant kugonjetsedwa enameled waya firiji ndi air conditioner kompresa. , ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingathe kukumana ndi mapangidwe apangidwe; (2) akhoza kusintha ndi kusintha ntchito utumiki mwa kuphatikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana kutchinjiriza kukwaniritsa zofunika ntchito, Mwachitsanzo, poliyesitala / nayiloni gulu ❖ kuyanika enameled waya bwino matenthedwe ntchito mantha ndi mapiringidzo ntchito, amene ali oyenera yotentha yoviika ndondomeko. , ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ma windings galimoto ndi kutenthedwa yomweyo chifukwa chochulukirachulukira; (3) akhoza kuchepetsa mtengo wa mawaya enameled, monga poliyesitala imide ndi polyamide imide gulu ❖ kuyanika enameled waya m'malo limodzi ❖ kuyanika polyamide imide enameled waya, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa mtengo.

gulu
1.1 malinga ndi insulation material
1.1.1 waya wa acetal enameled
1.1.2 Waya wokutira utoto wa poliyesitala
1.1.3 waya wokutira wa polyurethane
1.1.4 waya wokutira utoto wosinthidwa wa poliyesitala
1.1.5 waya wa polyester imimide enameled
1.1.6 polyester / polyamide imide waya enameled
1.1.7 polyimide enameled waya
1.2 malinga ndi cholinga cha waya wa enameled
1.2.1 ambiri cholinga enameled waya (wamba mzere): izo makamaka ntchito mawaya zokhotakhota mu Motors ambiri, zipangizo zamagetsi, zida, thiransifoma ndi zina ntchito, monga poliyesitala penti kuzimata waya ndi kusinthidwa poliyesitala kuzimata mzere mzere.
1.2.2 kutentha kugonjetsedwa ❖ kuyanika mzere: mawaya okhotakhota makamaka ntchito galimoto, zida zamagetsi, zida, thiransifoma ndi zina ntchito, monga poliyesitala imimide ❖ waya waya, polyimide ❖ kuyanika waya, poliyesitala utoto ❖ kuyanika mzere, poliyesitala imimide / polyamide imide gulu ❖ kuyanika mzere. .
1.2.3 cholinga chapadera waya enameled: amatanthauza waya wokhotakhota ndi makhalidwe ena khalidwe ndi ntchito zinazake, monga polyurethane utoto kuzimata waya (chindunji kuwotcherera katundu), kudzikonda zomatira utoto kuzimata waya.
1.3 malinga ndi kondakitala, amagawidwa mu waya wamkuwa, waya wa aluminiyamu ndi waya wa alloy.
1.4 molingana ndi mawonekedwe azinthu, amagawidwa kukhala mzere wozungulira, mzere wathyathyathya ndi mzere wopanda dzenje.
1.5 malinga ndi makulidwe a kutchinjiriza
1.5.1 mzere wozungulira: woonda Filimu-1, wandiweyani filimu-2, wandiweyani filimu-3 (mtundu wa dziko).
1.5.2 lathyathyathya mzere: wamba utoto Film-1, unakhuthala utoto filimu-2.
Mzere wa mowa
Waya (mwachitsanzo loko) yemwe amadzimatirira yekha ndi mowa
Hot air line
Waya (mwachitsanzo PEI) yomwe imadzimatira yokha pansi pa kutentha
Waya wawiri
Waya womwe umadzimatirira pansi pa mowa kapena kutentha
Njira yoyimira
1. chizindikiro + kodi
1.1 mndandanda wa ma code: kapangidwe ka enameled mapindikidwe: q-pepala kukulunga waya wokhotakhota: Z
1.2 kondakitala: Conductor Copper: t (yosiyidwa) aluminiyamu kondakitala: l
1.3 Insulation zipangizo:
Y. A polyamide (nayiloni yeniyeni) e acetali, kutentha kochepa kwa polyurethane B polyurethane f polyurethane, poliyesitala h polyurethane, poliyesita imides, poliyesitala yosinthidwa n polyamide imide poliyesitala kapena polyesterimide polyamide imide r polyamide imide polyimide C-aryl polyimide
Utoto wotengera mafuta: utoto wa poliyesitala Y (wosiyidwa): Z utoto wosinthidwa wa poliyesitala: Z (g) utoto wa acetali: Q utoto wa polyurethane: utoto wa polyurethane: utoto wa polyamide: utoto wa X polyimide: y utoto wa epoxy: H utoto wa poliyesitala imimide: ZY polyamide imide: XY
1.4 mawonekedwe a kondakitala: mzere wathyathyathya: mzere wa b-bwalo: Y (yosiyidwa) mzere wopanda kanthu: K
1.5 filimu makulidwe: mzere wozungulira: woonda Kanema-1 filimu wandiweyani-2 wokhuthala filimu-3 mzere wathyathyathya: wamba Kanema-1 filimu yokhuthala-2
1.6 kalasi yotentha imawonetsedwa ndi /xxx
2. chitsanzo
2.1 mtundu wazogulitsa wa mzere wa enameled umatchulidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa chilembo cha pinyin cha China ndi manambala achiarabu: kapangidwe kake kumaphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa. Zigawo zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuphatikizidwa motsatizana, zomwe ndi chitsanzo cha mankhwala a mzere wa phukusi la utoto.
3. chitsanzo + ndondomeko + nambala yokhazikika
3.1 zitsanzo za kuyimira katundu
A. Polyester enamelled chitsulo kuzungulira waya, wandiweyani utoto filimu, kutentha kalasi 130, m'mimba mwake mwadzina 1.000mm, malinga gb6i09.7-90 muyezo, anasonyeza monga: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Polyester imides yokutidwa ndi chitsulo lathyathyathya waya, wamba utoto filimu, ndi kutentha kalasi ya 180, mbali a wa 2.000mm, mbali B wa 6.300mm, ndi kukhazikitsa gb/t7095.4-1995, amene akufotokozedwa motere: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
3.2 phesi la mkuwa lopanda okosijeni
Enameled waya
Enameled waya
3.2.1 mndandanda code: kuzungulira mkuwa pole kwa uinjiniya zamagetsi
3.2.3 molingana ndi mawonekedwe a boma: mkhalidwe wofewa R, mkhalidwe wolimba y
3.2.4 molingana ndi mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito: mlingo 1-1, mlingo 2-2
3.2.5 mtundu wazinthu, mawonekedwe ndi nambala yokhazikika
Mwachitsanzo: m'mimba mwake ndi 6.7mm, ndipo kalasi 1 yolimba ya okosijeni yopanda ndodo yamkuwa imawonetsedwa ngati twey-16.7 gb3952.2-89
3.3 waya wamkuwa wopanda kanthu
3.3.1 waya wamkuwa wopanda kanthu: t
3.3.2 molingana ndi mawonekedwe a boma: chigawo chofewa R, cholimba y
3.3.3 molingana ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu: mzere wathyathyathya B, mzere wozungulira y (wosiyidwa)
3.3.4 chitsanzo: molimba kuzungulira chitsulo opanda waya ndi awiri a 3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89