Ofufuza ku US Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory ali ndi mbiri yayitali yotulukira mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Zambiri mwazotsatirazi ndi za cathode ya batri, yotchedwa NMC, nickel manganese ndi cobalt oxide. Batire yokhala ndi cathode iyi tsopano ikupatsa mphamvu Chevrolet Bolt.
Ofufuza a Argonne apezanso bwino mu ma cathode a NMC. Gulu la tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta gululo titha kupangitsa batire kukhala yolimba komanso yotetezeka, yotha kugwira ntchito pamagetsi okwera kwambiri komanso kupereka maulendo ataliatali.
"Tsopano tili ndi chitsogozo chomwe opanga mabatire angagwiritse ntchito kupanga zida za cathode zopanda malire," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
"Ma cathodes omwe alipo a NMC akupereka chopinga chachikulu pakugwira ntchito kwamagetsi okwera kwambiri," adatero katswiri wamankhwala Guiliang Xu. Ndi njinga yamoto yotulutsa, ntchito imatsika mofulumira chifukwa cha mapangidwe a ming'alu ya cathode particles. Kwa zaka zambiri, ofufuza a mabatire akhala akufunafuna njira zokonzera ming'aluyi.
Njira imodzi m'mbuyomu inkagwiritsa ntchito tinthu ting'onoting'ono tobulungira topangidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono kwambiri. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta polycrystalline, tokhala ndi ma crystalline madambwe osiyanasiyana. Chotsatira chake, ali ndi zomwe asayansi amazitcha malire a tirigu pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zingapangitse batire kusweka panthawi yozungulira. Pofuna kupewa izi, anzake a Xu ndi Argonne anali atapanga kale chotchinga choteteza polima kuzungulira tinthu tating'ono. Chophimba ichi chimazungulira tinthu tating'ono tozungulira ndi tinthu tating'ono mkati mwake.
Njira ina yopewera kusweka kwamtunduwu ndikugwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'ono ta kristalo. Electron microscopy ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tidawonetsa kuti alibe malire.
Vuto la gululi linali loti ma cathodes opangidwa kuchokera ku ma polycrystals okutidwa ndi makhiristo amodzi amaswekabe panthawi yanjinga. Chifukwa chake, adachita kusanthula kwakukulu kwa zida za cathode ku Advanced Photon Source (APS) ndi Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) ku US Department of Energy's Argonne Science Center.
Kusanthula kosiyanasiyana kwa X-ray kunachitika pamikono isanu ya APS (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C ndi 34-ID-E). Zikuoneka kuti zomwe asayansi ankaganiza kuti ndi krustalo limodzi, monga momwe ma electron ndi X-ray microscopy, kwenikweni anali ndi malire mkati. Kusanthula ndi kufalitsa ma electron microscopy a CNMs adatsimikizira izi.
"Tikayang'ana momwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timapangidwira, tinkawoneka ngati makristasi amodzi," adatero katswiri wa sayansi Wenjun Liu. “<“但是，当我們在APS 使用一种称為同步加速器X 射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时时。 � <“但是 , 当 在 使用 使用种 称為 同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜的 技术 和 其他 时 。"Komabe, titagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy ndi njira zina ku APS, tinapeza kuti malirewo anali obisika mkati."
Chofunika kwambiri, gululi lapanga njira yopangira makhiristo amodzi opanda malire. Kuyesa ma cell ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi cathode ya kristalo imodzi pamagetsi okwera kwambiri adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 25% kwa kusungirako mphamvu pa voliyumu ya unit popanda kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito pamiyeso ya 100. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma cathodes a NMC omwe amapangidwa ndi makristasi amitundu yambiri kapena ma polycrystals okutidwa amawonetsa kutsika kwa 60% mpaka 88% pa moyo womwewo.
Kuwerengera kwa atomiki kumawonetsa njira yochepetsera cathode capacitance. Malingana ndi Maria Chang, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo ku CNM, malire amatha kutaya maatomu a okosijeni pamene batire imayikidwa kuposa madera omwe ali kutali ndi iwo. Kutayika kwa okosijeni kumeneku kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ma cell.
"Kuwerengera kwathu kumasonyeza momwe malire angapangire kuti mpweya utulutsidwe pa kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa ntchito," adatero Chan.
Kuchotsa malire kumalepheretsa kusinthika kwa okosijeni, potero kumapangitsa chitetezo komanso kukhazikika kwa cathode. Miyezo ya kusintha kwa okosijeni ndi APS ndi gwero lowunikira kwambiri ku US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory zimatsimikizira izi.
"Tsopano tili ndi malangizo omwe opanga mabatire angagwiritse ntchito kupanga zinthu za cathode zomwe zilibe malire komanso zimagwira ntchito pazovuta kwambiri," adatero Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Malangizo akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za cathode kupatula NMC."
Nkhani yokhudza kafukufukuyu idatuluka m'magazini yotchedwa Nature Energy. Kuphatikiza pa Xu, Amin, Liu ndi Chang, olemba Argonne ndi Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Chengjun Sun, Tao Zhou, Ming Du, and Zonghai Chen. Asayansi ochokera ku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, ndi Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang ndi Shi-Gang Sun) ndi Tsinghua University (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng ndi Mingao Ouyang).
About Argonne Center for Nanomaterials Center for Nanomaterials, imodzi mwa malo asanu ofufuza za nanotechnology ku US Department of Energy, ndiye malo oyamba ogwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi pakufufuza kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana mothandizidwa ndi Ofesi ya Sayansi ya US Department of Energy. Pamodzi, ma NSRC amapanga gulu lazinthu zowonjezera zomwe zimapatsa akatswiri ofufuza luso lamakono popanga, kukonza, kuwonetsa, ndi kufananiza zida za nanoscale ndikuyimira ndalama zazikulu kwambiri zoyendetsera ntchito pansi pa National Nanotechnology Initiative. NSRC ili ku US Department of Energy National Laboratories ku Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, ndi Los Alamos. Kuti mumve zambiri za NSRC DOE, pitani ku https://​science.osti​.gov/Us​-​FA’cilit​ie’s/Us er-Fac ie s-at-a Glance.
The US Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source (APS) ku Argonne National Laboratory ndi amodzi mwa magwero opangira ma X-ray padziko lonse lapansi. APS imapereka ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kwa anthu ochita kafukufuku osiyanasiyana mu sayansi yazinthu, chemistry, fizikisi ya zinthu, sayansi ya moyo ndi chilengedwe, komanso kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito. Ma X-ray awa ndi abwino powerengera zida ndi kapangidwe kazachilengedwe, kugawa zinthu, mankhwala, maginito ndi zida zamagetsi, komanso makina ofunikira mwaukadaulo amitundu yonse, kuyambira mabatire mpaka ma nozzles a jekeseni wamafuta, omwe ndi ofunikira ku chuma cha dziko lathu, ukadaulo. . ndi thupi Maziko a thanzi. Chaka chilichonse, ofufuza opitilira 5,000 amagwiritsa ntchito APS kufalitsa zofalitsa zopitilira 2,000 zofotokoza zofunikira zomwe zapezedwa ndikuthana ndi ma protein achilengedwe ofunikira kuposa ogwiritsa ntchito malo ena aliwonse ofufuza a X-ray. Asayansi ndi mainjiniya a APS akugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano omwe ndi maziko owongolera magwiridwe antchito a ma accelerator ndi magwero owunikira. Izi zikuphatikiza zida zolowetsa zomwe zimapanga ma X-ray owala kwambiri omwe ofufuza amayamikira, magalasi omwe amayang'ana ma X-ray mpaka ma nanometer ochepa, zida zomwe zimakulitsa momwe ma X-ray amagwirira ntchito ndi zitsanzo zomwe zikuphunziridwa, komanso kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyang'anira zomwe zapezedwa ndi APS. Kafukufuku amatulutsa mavoti akuluakulu.
Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kuchokera ku Advanced Photon Source, US Department of Energy Office of Science User Center yoyendetsedwa ndi Argonne National Laboratory ku US Department of Energy Office of Science pansi pa mgwirizano nambala DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Argonne National Laboratory imayesetsa kuthetsa mavuto omwe akukumana nawo a sayansi yapakhomo ndi ukadaulo. Monga labotale yoyamba ku United States, Argonne amachita kafukufuku wotsogola komanso wogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi gawo lililonse la sayansi. Ofufuza a Argonne amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ofufuza ochokera kumakampani mazanamazana, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe aboma, maboma, ndi matauni kuti awathandize kuthetsa mavuto enaake, kupititsa patsogolo utsogoleri wa sayansi waku US, ndikukonzekeretsa dzikolo tsogolo labwino. Argonne amalemba ntchito antchito ochokera m'mayiko oposa 60 ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi UChicago Argonne, LLC wa US Department of Energy's Office of Science.
Ofesi ya Sayansi ya Unduna wa Zamagetsi ku United States ndi omwe amalimbikitsa kwambiri dzikolo pakufufuza koyambira mu sayansi yakuthupi, akuyesetsa kuthana ndi zovuta zina zomwe zikuvuta kwambiri masiku ano. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pitani ku https://energy.gov/science​ience.