Ofufuza ku US Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory akhala ndi mbiri yakale yofufuza zinthu zatsopano m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Zambiri mwa zotsatirazi ndi za cathode ya batri, yotchedwa NMC, nickel manganese ndi cobalt oxide. Batri yokhala ndi cathode iyi tsopano imagwiritsa ntchito Chevrolet Bolt.
Ofufuza a Argonne apeza njira ina yopitira patsogolo mu ma cathode a NMC. Kapangidwe ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta cathode ta gululo kangapangitse batri kukhala yolimba komanso yotetezeka, yokhoza kugwira ntchito pamagetsi okwera kwambiri komanso kupereka maulendo ataliatali.
"Tsopano tili ndi malangizo omwe opanga mabatire angagwiritse ntchito popanga zipangizo za cathode zopanda mphamvu zambiri," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
“Ma cathode a NMC omwe alipo alipo ndi vuto lalikulu pa ntchito yamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri,” anatero katswiri wa zamankhwala Guiliang Xu. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mphamvu ya magetsi kupita ku magetsi, magwiridwe antchito amachepa mofulumira chifukwa cha kupangika kwa ming'alu mu tinthu ta cathode. Kwa zaka zambiri, ofufuza mabatire akhala akufunafuna njira zokonzerera ming'aluyi.
Njira imodzi kale inkagwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tozungulira tomwe timapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tozungulira ndi ta polycrystalline, tokhala ndi malo a crystalline okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi zomwe asayansi amatcha malire a tinthu tating'onoting'ono pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zingayambitse kuti batire isweke panthawi ya kuzungulira. Pofuna kupewa izi, anzake a Xu ndi Argonne adapanga kale chophimba cha polima choteteza kuzungulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Chophimbachi chimazungulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tozungulira ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono mkati mwake.
Njira ina yopewera ming'alu yamtunduwu ndikugwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kristalo imodzi. Electron microscopy ya tinthuti inasonyeza kuti ilibe malire.
Vuto la gululi linali lakuti ma cathode opangidwa ndi ma polycrystals okhala ndi utoto ndi ma crystals amodzi amaswekabe akamayendetsa njinga. Chifukwa chake, adachita kafukufuku wambiri wa zinthu za cathode izi ku Advanced Photon Source (APS) ndi Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) ku Argonne Science Center ya US Department of Energy.
Kusanthula kosiyanasiyana kwa x-ray kunachitika pa mikono isanu ya APS (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C ndi 34-ID-E). Zapezeka kuti zomwe asayansi ankaganiza kuti ndi kristalo imodzi, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi ma microscopy a elekitironi ndi X-ray, kwenikweni zinali ndi malire mkati. Kusanthula ndi kutumiza ma microscopy a elekitironi a CNMs kunatsimikizira izi.
"Titayang'ana mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa tinthu timeneti, tinkaoneka ngati makhiristo amodzi," anatero katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Wenjun Liu. �<“但是，当我們在APS 使用一种称為同步加速器X射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时，我們发现边界隐藏在内部。” � <“但是 , 当 在 使用 使用种 称為 同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜的 技术 和 其他时时 , 我们ine.""Komabe, pamene tinagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy ndi njira zina ku APS, tinapeza kuti malire anali obisika mkati."
Chofunika kwambiri, gululi lapanga njira yopangira makhiristo amodzi opanda malire. Kuyesa maselo ang'onoang'ono ndi cathode imodzi ya kristalo pamagetsi okwera kwambiri kunawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 25% pakusungira mphamvu pa voliyumu ya unit iliyonse popanda kutayika konse pakuchita bwino kwa ma cycle oyeserera 100. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma cathode a NMC opangidwa ndi makhiristo amodzi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri kapena ma polycrystals okhala ndi zokutira adawonetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya 60% mpaka 88% pa moyo womwewo.
Kuwerengera kwa ma atomu kumasonyeza momwe cathode capacitance imagwirira ntchito. Malinga ndi Maria Chang, katswiri wa sayansi ya nanoscientist ku CNM, malire amatha kutaya maatomu a okosijeni batire ikayamba kuyitanidwa kuposa madera omwe ali kutali ndi iwo. Kutayika kwa okosijeni kumeneku kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka maselo.
"Kuwerengera kwathu kukuwonetsa momwe malire angapangire kuti mpweya utuluke pamavuto akulu, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito," adatero Chan.
Kuchotsa malire kumalepheretsa kusintha kwa okosijeni, motero kumawonjezera chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka cathode. Kuyeza kusintha kwa okosijeni pogwiritsa ntchito APS ndi gwero lapamwamba la kuwala ku US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory kutsimikizira izi.
"Tsopano tili ndi malangizo omwe opanga mabatire angagwiritse ntchito popanga zinthu za cathode zomwe zilibe malire ndipo zimagwira ntchito pamphamvu kwambiri," adatero Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Malangizo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina kupatula NMC."
Nkhani yokhudza kafukufukuyu idatuluka m'magazini yotchedwa Nature Energy. Kuphatikiza pa Xu, Amin, Liu ndi Chang, olemba a Argonne ndi Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, M Taong Zhou, Chengjun, M Taong Zhou, M. Asayansi ochokera ku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, ndi Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang ndi Shi-Gang Sun) ndi Tsinghua University (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng ndi Mingao Ouyang).
Zokhudza Argonne Center for Nanomaterials Center for Nanomaterials, imodzi mwa malo asanu ofufuzira za nanotechnology ku US Department of Energy, ndi bungwe lotsogola padziko lonse logwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa nanoscale wothandizidwa ndi Ofesi ya Sayansi ya US Department of Energy. Pamodzi, ma NSRC amapanga malo owonjezera omwe amapatsa ofufuza luso lapamwamba kwambiri lopanga, kukonza, kufotokoza, ndi kupanga zitsanzo za zipangizo za nanoscale ndipo akuyimira ndalama zazikulu kwambiri zogwirira ntchito pansi pa National Nanotechnology Initiative. NSRC ili ku US Department of Energy National Laboratories ku Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, ndi Los Alamos. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za NSRC DOE, pitani ku https://science​.osti​.gov/​Us​er​-Fa​ci​ilit​​​​ie​s​/ ​Us​ er​-Fa​ci​i​l​it​ie​ie​s​-at​-a​Glance.
Advanced Photon Source (APS) ya Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu ku US ku Argonne National Laboratory ndi imodzi mwa magwero opindulitsa kwambiri a X-ray padziko lonse lapansi. APS imapereka ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kwa gulu lofufuza losiyanasiyana la sayansi ya zinthu, chemistry, condensed matter physics, life and environmental sciences, komanso kafukufuku wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma X-ray awa ndi abwino pophunzira zinthu ndi kapangidwe ka zamoyo, kugawa kwa zinthu, mankhwala, maginito ndi zamagetsi, komanso machitidwe ofunikira kwambiri aukadaulo amitundu yonse, kuyambira mabatire mpaka ma nozzles a injector, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa chuma chathu, ukadaulo, ndi thanzi la thupi. Chaka chilichonse, ofufuza oposa 5,000 amagwiritsa ntchito APS kufalitsa zofalitsa zoposa 2,000 zomwe zikufotokoza zomwe zapezeka komanso kuthetsa mapangidwe ofunikira kwambiri a mapuloteni achilengedwe kuposa ogwiritsa ntchito malo ena aliwonse ofufuza a X-ray. Asayansi ndi mainjiniya a APS akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano womwe ndi maziko owongolera magwiridwe antchito a accelerators ndi magwero a kuwala. Izi zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zolowera zomwe zimapanga ma X-ray owala kwambiri omwe ofufuza amawakonda, magalasi omwe amaika ma X-ray mpaka ma nanometer ochepa, zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma X-ray azigwirizana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo chomwe chikuphunziridwa, komanso kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyang'anira zomwe zapezeka mu APS Research imapanga deta yambiri.
Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku Advanced Photon Source, bungwe la US Department of Energy Office of Science User Center lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi Argonne National Laboratory la US Department of Energy Office of Science pansi pa mgwirizano nambala DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Argonne National Laboratory imayesetsa kuthetsa mavuto akuluakulu a sayansi ndi ukadaulo wa m'dziko. Monga labotale yoyamba ya dziko lonse ku United States, Argonne imachita kafukufuku woyambira komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pafupifupi m'magawo onse asayansi. Ofufuza a Argonne amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ofufuza ochokera m'makampani mazana ambiri, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe aboma, aboma, ndi a boma kuti awathandize kuthetsa mavuto enaake, kupititsa patsogolo utsogoleri wasayansi ku US, ndikukonzekeretsa dzikolo tsogolo labwino. Argonne imagwiritsa ntchito antchito ochokera m'maiko opitilira 60 ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi UChicago Argonne, LLC wa Ofesi ya Sayansi ya US Department of Energy.
Ofesi ya Sayansi ya Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu ku US ndiyo yomwe imalimbikitsa kwambiri kafukufuku woyambira mu sayansi ya thupi, ikugwira ntchito yothana ndi mavuto ena ofunika kwambiri m'nthawi yathu ino. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pitani ku https://​energy​.gov/​science​ience.