Ndi kukula kwa aluminium mkati mwa makampani opanga nsalu, ndipo kuvomerezedwa kwake ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zambiri, pakukula kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zokambirana ndi aluminiyamu kukhala odziwa bwino gululi. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino aluminiyamu, ndikofunikira kuyamba ndikudziwana ndi chizindikiritso cha aluminiyamu / stavition, aluminiyamu ambiri omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe.
Aluminium alumu- Ku North America, aluminiyamu mayanjano a Alumini. Pakadali pano pali oposa 400 aluminiyamu ndi ziphuphu za aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu ndi oposa 200 aluminiyam oyang'anira mu mawonekedwe a zipsinjo ndi maulalo olembetsedwa omwe adalembetsa mayanjano a aluminium. The Alloy Mankhwala Omwe Anali Ndi Malire a Zonse Zolembetsa Zili Zapamwamba za AluminiumBuku la TealMalingaliro a "Alloy Alloy ndi Mankhwala Osiyanasiyana a Aluminiyumu ndi Ulumlu Aluminiyam Opros" ndi AwoBuku la PinkiWotchedwa "Mapangidwe ndi Makina Osiyanasiyana a Aluminiyam Endos mu mawonekedwe a mainjiniya ndi ukadaulo wowuma, ndipo mayanjano ake omwe ali ndi chidwi.
Aluminiyam overlos amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri zokhudzana ndi momwe amathandizira pa mankhwala opangira mafuta komanso makina oyambilira a aluminiyamu. Tikamaganizira za kuwerengetsa / chizindikiritso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito a aluminiyam olosera, mikhalidwe yomwe ili pamwambapa imadziwika. Zochita ndi kuponyedwa ma alumineum ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana odziwika. Dongosolo la chizolowezi ndi dongosolo la 4 ndipo kuponyedwa ndi malo okwana 3 ndi 1.
Dongosolo la Alloy- Tionanso dongosolo la ziwonetsero za aluminium ya alumu. Manambala oyamba (XXXX) Amawonetsa chinthu choyatsira chachikulu, chomwe chawonjezeredwa ku aluminium sloy ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mndandanda wa aluminiyamu, mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa 2000, mpaka mndandanda 1).
Nambala yachiwiriyi (xXxx), ngati mosiyana ndi 0, akuwonetsa kusintha kwa ziwonetserozo, ndi nambala yachitatu ndi yachinayi (xxXX) Ndi manambala okhazikika omwe aperekedwa kuti azindikire chiwonetsero china mu mndandanda. Chitsanzo: ku Aloy 5183, nambala 5 ikuwonetsa kuti ndi ya magnesium alloy mndandanda, 1 ikuwonetsa kuti ndi 1stKusintha kwa chivomerezi choyambirira 5083, ndipo 83 imazindikiritsa mu 5xx.
Kupatula kochepa kwa chiwerengerochi ndi gawo la 1xxx aluminium aluminiya (aluminiums) pomwe, manambala omaliza amapereka magawo awiri apamwamba kuposa 99%, ie, Aloy 13(50)(99.50% ochepera aluminium).
Zilonda za aluminiya
Mndandanda wa alloy | Chinthu choyandikana |
1Xxx | 99.000% aluminium |
2xxx | Mtovu |
3xx | Manganese |
4xx | Sililicone |
5xx | Magnesium |
6xx | Magnesium ndi silicon |
7xxx | Zinki |
8xxx | Zinthu zina |
Gome 1
Kuponya alloy- Dongosolo la Alloy Denation limakhazikitsidwa pa digito 3 digito-plums Xxx.x (yie 356.0). Manambala oyamba (Xxx.x) akuwonetsa chinthu choyatsira chachikulu, chomwe chawonjezeredwa ku Aluminium Smoy (onani tebulo 2).
Sinthani dongosolo la aluminiyamu
Mndandanda wa alloy | Chinthu choyandikana |
1XX.x | 99.000% aluminium |
2xx | Mtovu |
3xx.x | Silicon kuphatikiza mkuwa ndi / kapena magnesium |
4xx.x | Sililicone |
5xx.x | Magnesium |
6xx.x | Mndandanda wosagwiritsidwa ntchito |
7xx.x | Zinki |
8xx.x | Chitsulo |
9xx.x | Zinthu zina |
Gome 2
Chifuwa chachiwiri ndi chachitatu (xXX.x) ndi manambala okhazikika omwe aperekedwa kuti azindikire mtundu wina. Nambala yomwe ili ndi mfundo ya Desimal ikuwonetsa ngati ziwonetsero zoponyera (.0) kapena inot (.1 kapena .2). Kalata yayikulu yoyamba ikuwonetsa kusintha kwa iloy.
Chitsanzo: Aloy - A356.0 likulu la (Axxx.x) akuwonetsa kusintha kwa alloy 356.0. Nambala 3 (a3xx.x) akuwonetsa kuti ndi a silicon kuphatikiza mkuwa ndi / kapena magnesium mndandanda. The 56 mu (nkhwangwa56.0) imazindikira chivomerezo mkati mwa 3xx.x (ndi .0 (nxxx.0) Zikuwonetsa kuti ndi mawonekedwe omaliza osakhala ndi inot.
Makina a Aluminium Aluminium -Ngati tikambirana mtundu wina wa aluminiyam olosys, tiona kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'mikhalidwe yawo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito. Mfundo yoyamba kuzindikira, pambuyo pomvetsetsa chizindikiritso, ndikuti pali mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya aluminiyamu mu mndandanda womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa. Awa ndiwo kutentha kwa aluminiyamu alumuniyamu (omwe angapeze mphamvu chifukwa chowonjezera kutentha) ndi kutentha kopanda mphamvu aluminiyamu. Kusiyanaku ndikofunikira makamaka mukamaganizira zokhuza za Arc kufinya mitundu iwiri ya zinthuzi.
1xxx, 3xxx, ndi zilembo za 5xxx zomwe zasintha aluminiyamu overloys ndi osayaka moto ndipo zimangovuta. 2xxx, 6xxx, ndi zilembo za 7xxx zimachita mawu a aluminiyamu aluminiyamu otenthetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa 4xxx kumakhala kotenthetsera kutentha komanso kosavomerezeka. 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x ndi 7xx.x.x.x.x.x.x Kuumitsa kwa mavuto sikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Kutentha kotetemera kumatenga njira zomwe angathe kudzera mu njira ya mankhwala othandizira, chithandizo chamagetsi chochuluka chimakhala kutentha mankhwala ndi kukalamba. Yankho la kutentha ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito chiwongola dzanja mpaka kutentha kwa 990 deg. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kuwaza, nthawi zambiri m'madzi, kupanga njira yothetsera kutentha. Chithandizo cha kutentha kutentha nthawi zambiri chimatsatiridwa ndi ukalamba. Ukalamba ndi mpweya wa gawo la zinthu kapena mankhwala kuchokera ku yankho la superwatatoatatoat kuti atuluke zokhala ndi zofunika.
Makina osatekeseka osatentha amapeza njira zawo zothandizira kudzera pakuumitsa. Kuumitsa kwamitundu ndi njira yolimbikitsira mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito kuzizira.t6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.
Mawonekedwe okhazikika
Karata | Kutanthaza |
F | Monga momwe zimapangidwira - imagwira ntchito ku zinthu zopanga zomwe palibe kuwongolera kwapadera kwa mafuta kapena kugwirira ntchito |
O | Odziwika - amagwira ntchito pazomwe adatenthedwa kuti apange mphamvu yotsika kwambiri yosintha duckity ndi kukula kwakukulu |
H | Valani kuumitsa - imagwira ntchito ku zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito mozizira. Kuumitsa kwa mavuto kungatsatidwe mwa chithandizo chowonjezera, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu. "H" imatsatiridwa nthawi zonse ndi manambala awiri kapena kupitilira (onani magawo a HEDD pansipa) |
W | Yankho la Kutentha - Wosasunthika wogwira ntchito yekhayo wokha kuti anene zomwe mwakhala pachipinda chotenthetsera kutentha pambuyo pa kutentha |
T | Kuthandizidwa mwamphamvu - kutulutsa stable kutentha kupatula f, o, kapena H. imagwira ntchito ku mankhwala omwe akhala akumwa kutentha, nthawi zina amakhala ndi vuto lokhazikika, kupanga kupsya mtima. "T" imatsatiridwa ndi manambala amodzi kapena zingapo (onani magawo a TED PREDPER) |
Gome 3
Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikika koyambira, pali magulu awiri agalu olumala, omwe amalankhulirana ndi "H" kukwiya - kuwuma, ndi enawo ponena za "chidwi - mankhwala opangidwa mwamphamvu.
Magawo a h stper - strain yolimba
Digit yoyamba pambuyo pa H ikuwonetsa ntchito yoyambira:
H1- Kupsinjika kokha.
H2- Kupanikizika ndikuwonera pang'ono.
H3- Kupsinjika ndikulimba.
H4- Kupsinjika ndikuwumitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka.
Digit yachiwiri pambuyo pa H ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta:
HX2- kotala hard hx4- theka hard HX6- magawo atatu olimbika
HX8- zolimba HX9- Zowonjezera
Zolemba za T Struper - kuthandizidwa mwamphamvu
T1- Zachilengedwe pambuyo pozizira kuchokera pa kutentha kwa kutentha, monga kuchotsa.
T2- Kuzizira kumagwira ntchito mutazizira kuchokera pa kutentha kwa kutentha kenako ndikukalamba.
T3- Tsetsani kutentha kwa kutentha, kuzizira kumagwira ntchito ndipo mwachilengedwe.
T4- Tsetsani kuchitidwa kutentha ndi kubereka mwachilengedwe.
T5- okalamba pambuyo pozizira kuchokera pa kutentha kwa kutentha.
T6- Tsetsani kuchitidwa ndi kutentha komanso okalamba.
T7- Tsetsani kuchitidwa ndi kutentha ndi kukhazikika (zowala).
T8- Tsetsani kutentha kwa kutentha, kuzizira kumagwira ntchito komanso kukhala okalamba.
T9- Njira yotentha imathandizidwa, okalamba komanso ozizira amagwira ntchito.
T10- Kuzizira kumagwira ntchito mutazizira pamtunda wokwezeka kenako wokalamba.
Manambala owonjezera amawonetsa mpumulo.
Zitsanzo:
TX51kapena txx51- Kupsinjika kumatsitsidwa ndi kutambasula.
TX52kapena txx52- Kupsinjika kotsitsimutsidwa mwa kutsutsana.
Aluminium overlos ndi mawonekedwe awo- Ngati tikuwona zigawo zisanu ndi ziwirizi za zilala za aluminiyalul aluminiyalu, tidzazindikira kusiyana kwawo ndikumvetsetsa ntchito zawo ndi machitidwe awo.
1xxx Searsoys- (Opanda kutentha - ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 10 mpaka 27 Ksi) Nthawi zambiri mndandandawu umatchedwa 99.0% Aluminium. Ndiwosangalatsa. Komabe, chifukwa cha malo awo operewera, amafunikira malingaliro ena kuti apange njira zovomerezeka zotentha. Mukaganiziridwa kuti nsaza, zowongolera izi zimasankhidwa makamaka chifukwa cha akasinja omwe ali ndi masisiketi ndi mapazi, kapena chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amagetsi abwino monga mu kagwiritsidwe ntchito basi. Zowopsa izi zili ndi zinthu zosayenera ndipo sizingaganizidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zowonera pansi nthawi zambiri zimakonda kuphatikizidwa ndi zofananira kapena ndi 4xxx filley zimadalira kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira pa ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito.
2xxx Searsoys- (Kutentha Kutetezedwa- Ndi Mphamvu Yachikulu Kwambiri ya 27 mpaka 62 Ksi) Izi ndi aluminium / 8%), ndipo muli ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Ali ndi mphamvu zabwino koposa kutentha. Zina mwazomwezo zimawerengedwa kuti sizowoneka bwino ndi njira zowonetsera za Arc zowonetsera chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kutentha komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka; Komabe, ena ndi Arc. Zipangizo zapansizi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi nyonga yayikulu 2xxx Sequeser Orlers Orler Offleys amapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi magwiridwe ake, koma nthawi zina amatha kujambulidwa ndi zilembo za 4xxx wokhala ndi ziphani ndi zamkuwa, zimadalira zomwe mukufuna.
3xxx Searment- (Opanda kutentha - ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 16 mpaka 41 ksi) Aluminiyamu / mangunese (onjezerani) Chimodzi mwazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito koyamba chinali miphika ndi ma pans, ndipo ndi gawo lalikulu lero la zosinthana ndi kutentha m'magalimoto ndi zomera. Mphamvu zawo zodetsa nkhawa, komabe, nthawi zambiri zimaletsa kuganizira za ntchito zawo. Izi ziwonetsero zikuluzikulu zimawombedwa ndi 1xxx, 4xxx ndi 5xxx fift offeeys, amadalira chemistry yake yapadera komanso yothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito.
4xxx Searsoys- (Kutentha Kutetezedwa ndi Kutentha Kutentha - Ndi Mphamvu Yabwino Kwambiri ya 25 mpaka 55 Ksi) A Aluminiyamu / Silicn On Aluminiyamu (Sicnon Zowonjezera (Sicnon Zowonjezera (Sicnon Zowonjezera (Sicnon Zowonjezera) Silika, atawonjezeredwa ku Aluminium, amachepetsa malo ake osungunuka ndikusintha madzi ake akasungunuka. Mikhalidwe imeneyi ndi yofunikira kuti magawo azithunzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fusising akuwala ndi kuwonekera. Zotsatira zake, mndandanda wa owongolera uwu umapezeka kwambiri ngati zofananira. Silika, popanda kuwayimira ku Aluminiyamu, sikuti kutentha koyenera; Komabe, angapo a Epicon awa adapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi owonjezera a magnesium kapena mkuwa, zomwe zimawapatsa kuti athe kuyankha kuti ayankhe mankhwala kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumeneku kugwirizanitsa mafilimu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati gawo lodzaza liyenera kuchitidwa kuti ikhale mankhwala othandizira.
5xxx mndandanda- (osatentha otetezedwa - ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 18 mpaka 51 ksi) Izi ndi ma aluminium / magnesium owonjezera (magnesium ophatikizira) ndikukhala ndi moto wotenthetsera. Kuphatikiza apo, miyambiyi yoyimitsa iyi ndi yosangalatsa mosavuta, komanso pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana monga zombo zosiyirira, mayendedwe, mitsempha, milatho ndi nyumba. The Magnesium Base Theosys nthawi zambiri imawombedwa ndi ma filley omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito Axpoys mu mndandanda uno ndi magnesium oposa 3.0% sakulimbikitsidwa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 150 deg Malo ocheperako ochepera 2,5% magnesium nthawi zambiri amawombedwa bwino ndi ma 5xxx kapena 4xx senti secler. Mndandanda wa Alloy 5052 nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa magnesium omwe amatha kujambulidwa omwe amatha kujambulidwa ndi firiji ya 4xxx ya Alloy. Chifukwa cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi eotectic zosungunuka ndikuphatikiza ndi zinthu zosavomerezeka monga zojambulajambula, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuyika zinthu mu mndandanda wa aloya, zomwe zimakhala ndi magnesium okwera ndi mafayilo a 4xxx. Zida zapamwamba za magnesium zimangoyesedwa ndi 5xxx filler zofananira, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi maziko a Shooy akuchokera.
6xxx Searsoys- (Kutentha Kuchiritsidwa - Ndi Mphamvu Yabwino Kwambiri ya 18 mpaka 58 Ksi) A Aluminium / Magnesium - Silicon Zowonjezera (Sicon Aldes (Magnesium) Kuphatikiza kwa magnesium ndi silicon kwa aluminiyamu kumapangitsa kuti magnesium-omwe amachititsa kuti izi zitheke kuti zitheke kutentha kuthandizidwa ndi mphamvu. Izi ndizokhazikika mwachilengedwe kufooketsa chidwi, ndipo pazifukwa izi, sayenera kukhala arc yokazinga bwino (popanda zofananira). Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zokwanira zofananira pa njira yotentha kwa Arc ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchepetsedwa kwa maziko, potero kupewa vuto lotentha. Amawombedwa ndi zinthu zonse ziwiri za 4xxx ndi 5xxx, zimadalira zofuna ndi zofunikira.
7xxx Searsoys- (Kutentha Kwambiri - Ndi Mphamvu Yabwino Kwambiri ya 32 mpaka 88 Ksi) A Aluminium / Zic Conloys (Zinc) Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamayendedwe apamwamba monga ndege, ambospace, ndi zida zamasewera. Monga mndandanda wa 2xxx wa olola, mndandandawu umaphatikizidwa omwe amawerengedwa omwe safuna kukumbukira kukhazikika kwa Arc, ndipo ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala arc. Zowonera zodziwika bwino mu nkhani zino, monga 7005, zimapangidwa kwambiri ndi firiji ya 5xxx yosindikiza.
Chidule- Aluminiyamu a Aluminiyam a Aluminiyamu a Aluminiyamu a Aluminiyamu, limodzi ndi mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana, ikufanana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanga. Pakuti mapangidwe opangira mphamvu ndi opambana owuma, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa omwe akupezeka komanso magwiridwe awo osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe okonda. Mukamapanga njira zoweta za Arc zozizwa zazowoneka zosiyanasiyanazi, kuganiziridwa kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa alooli omwe akuwombedwa. Nthawi zambiri amati alc akuwotcha aluminium siovuta, "Ndikosiyana". Ndikhulupirira kuti gawo lofunikira lomvetsetsa kusiyana uku ndi kudziwa mitundu ingapo, mawonekedwe awo, ndi dongosolo lawo.
Post Nthawi: Jun-16-2021