Ndi chinthu cha mankhwala chomwe chili ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala Ni ndi nambala ya atomiki 28. Ndi chitsulo choyera cha siliva chowala chokhala ndi golide mu mtundu wake woyera wa siliva. Nickel ndi chitsulo chosinthika, cholimba komanso chosasunthika. Ntchito ya mankhwala ya nickel yoyera ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo ntchitoyi imawoneka ngati ufa pomwe malo ogwirira ntchito amawonjezeka kwambiri, koma chitsulo chachikulu cha nickel chimachita pang'onopang'ono ndi mpweya wozungulira chifukwa chosanjikiza cha oxide choteteza chapangidwa pamwamba. Ngakhale zili choncho, chifukwa cha ntchito yokwanira pakati pa nickel ndi mpweya, zimakhala zovuta kupeza nickel yachilengedwe yachitsulo pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Nickel yachilengedwe padziko lapansi imatsekedwa mu meteorites akuluakulu a nickel-iron, chifukwa meteorites alibe mwayi wopeza mpweya akakhala mumlengalenga. Padziko Lapansi, nickel yachilengedwe iyi nthawi zonse imaphatikizidwa ndi chitsulo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi supernova nucleosynthesis. Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti pakati pa dziko lapansi pali chisakanizo cha nickel-iron.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nickel (chosakaniza chachilengedwe cha nickel-iron) kunayamba mu 3500 BC. Axel Frederick Kronstedt anali woyamba kupatula nickel ndikuitcha kuti ndi chinthu cha mankhwala mu 1751, ngakhale poyamba adaganiza molakwika kuti nickel ndi mchere wa mkuwa. Dzina lachilendo la nickel limachokera ku goblin wonyansa wa dzina lomweli mu nthano ya omanga migodi aku Germany (Nickel, yomwe ndi dzina lofanana ndi "Old Nick" la mdierekezi mu Chingerezi). . Gwero lotsika mtengo kwambiri la nickel ndi iron ore limonite, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 1-2% nickel. Miyala ina yofunika kwambiri ya nickel ndi pentlandite ndi pentlandite. Opanga akuluakulu a nickel ndi dera la Soderbury ku Canada (lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhulupirira kuti ndi chigwa cha meteorite), New Caledonia ku Pacific Ocean, ndi Norilsk ku Russia.
Popeza nickel imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwa chipinda, nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti ndi yolimba chifukwa cha dzimbiri. Chifukwa cha izi, nickel yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zitsulo (monga chitsulo ndi mkuwa), mkati mwa zida zamankhwala, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimafunika kuti siliva ikhale yonyezimira (monga siliva wa nickel). Pafupifupi 6% ya nickel yomwe imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi imagwiritsidwabe ntchito popanga nickel yoyera yosagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri. Nickel inali gawo lofala la ndalama, koma izi zasinthidwa kwambiri ndi chitsulo chotsika mtengo, makamaka chifukwa anthu ena ali ndi vuto la khungu chifukwa cha nickel. Ngakhale izi, Britain inayamba kupanga ndalama mu nickel kachiwiri mu 2012, mosasamala kanthu za kutsutsa kwa madokotala a khungu.
Nickel ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zinayi zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi ferromagnetic kutentha kwa chipinda. Maginito okhazikika okhala ndi nickel okhala ndi alnico ali ndi mphamvu ya maginito pakati pa maginito okhazikika okhala ndi chitsulo ndi maginito osowa a dziko lapansi. Udindo wa nickel m'dziko lamakono makamaka chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alloys. Pafupifupi 60% ya nickel yomwe imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosiyanasiyana za nickel (makamaka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri). Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino, komanso ma superalloys atsopano, imagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi nickel yonse yotsala padziko lonse lapansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala popanga mankhwala kumaphatikizapo zosakwana 3 peresenti ya nickel yomwe imapezeka. Monga chophatikiza, nickel ili ndi ntchito zingapo zapadera popanga mankhwala, mwachitsanzo ngati chothandizira pa hydrogenation reactions. Ma enzyme a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zomera zina amagwiritsa ntchito nickel ngati malo ogwirira ntchito, kotero nickel ndi michere yofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. [1]