Ndi chinthu chamankhwala chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala Ni ndi nambala ya atomiki 28. Ndichitsulo chonyezimira chasiliva choyera chokhala ndi tinthu tagolide mumtundu wake woyera wasiliva. Nickel ndi chitsulo chosinthira, cholimba komanso chodulira. Mankhwala a nickel wangwiro ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo ntchitoyi imatha kuwoneka mumtundu wa ufa pomwe malo othamanga amawonjezeka, koma chitsulo chochuluka cha nickel chimachita pang'onopang'ono ndi mpweya wozungulira chifukwa wosanjikiza wa oxide oxide wapanga pamwamba. . zinthu. Ngakhale zili choncho, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kokwanira pakati pa faifi tambala ndi okosijeni, zimakhala zovuta kupeza faifi wachitsulo wachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Nickel yachilengedwe padziko lapansi imatsekeredwa mu meteorite yayikulu ya nickel-iron, chifukwa ma meteorite samapeza mpweya wa okosijeni akakhala mumlengalenga. Padziko Lapansi, faifi yachilengedwe iyi nthawi zonse imaphatikizidwa ndi chitsulo, kuwonetsa kuti ndiwo mathero a supernova nucleosynthesis. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti pakati pa dziko lapansi pali kusakaniza kwa nickel-iron.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nickel (aloyi ya nickel-iron alloy) kunayambira mu 3500 BC. Axel Frederick Kronstedt anali woyamba kusiyanitsa faifi tambala ndikutanthauzira ngati chinthu chamankhwala mu 1751, ngakhale poyamba adaganiza molakwika kuti nickel ore ndi mchere wamkuwa. Dzina lachilendo la nickel limachokera ku goblin wonyansa wa dzina lomwelo mu nthano ya anthu ogwira ntchito ku Germany (Nickel, omwe ali ofanana ndi dzina lakutchulidwa "Old Nick" kwa satana mu Chingerezi). . Gwero lachuma kwambiri la nickel ndi iron ore limonite, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nickel 1-2%. Mchere wina wofunikira wa nickel ndi pentlandite ndi pentlandite. Akuluakulu opanga faifi tambala akuphatikizapo dera la Soderbury ku Canada (lomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi meteorite impact crater), New Caledonia ku Pacific Ocean, ndi Norilsk ku Russia.
Chifukwa nickel imatulutsa pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwa chipinda, nthawi zambiri imatengedwa kuti ndi yosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri. Chifukwa cha izi, nickel wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zitsulo (monga chitsulo ndi mkuwa), mkati mwa zipangizo zamakina, ndi ma alloys ena omwe amafunika kuti siliva wonyezimira (monga siliva wa nickel). . Pafupifupi 6% ya faifi wamtundu padziko lonse lapansi amapangidwabe ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Nickel nthawi ina inali chigawo chofala cha ndalama, koma izi zasinthidwa ndi chitsulo chotsika mtengo, makamaka chifukwa chakuti anthu ena ali ndi vuto la khungu ku nickel. Ngakhale izi, Britain idayambanso kupanga ndalama za nickel mu 2012, chifukwa cha zotsutsa za akatswiri akhungu.
Nickel ndi imodzi mwazinthu zinayi zokha zomwe zili ndi ferromagnetic kutentha kwa firiji. Maginito okhazikika okhala ndi nickel ali ndi mphamvu yamaginito pakati pa maginito okhala ndi chitsulo ndi maginito osowa padziko lapansi. Mkhalidwe wa Nickel m'dziko lamakono makamaka chifukwa cha ma alloys ake osiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi 60% ya faifi tambala padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosiyanasiyana za faifi (makamaka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri). Ma aloyi ena wamba, komanso ma superalloys atsopano, amawerengera pafupifupi ma nickel onse otsala padziko lapansi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zomwe zimapanga ndalama zosakwana 3 peresenti ya faifi tambala. Monga pawiri, faifi tambala imakhala ndi ntchito zingapo zapadera popanga mankhwala, mwachitsanzo ngati chothandizira kuti hydrogenation ichitike. Ma enzymes a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi zomera zimagwiritsa ntchito faifi tambala monga malo ogwirira ntchito, choncho faifi ndi mchere wofunikira kwa iwo. [1]