Resistance wire ndi mawaya opangira magetsi oletsa magetsi (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuchitika mudera). Ndi bwino ngati aloyi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ali ndi resistivity kwambiri, popeza waya wamfupi angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kukhazikika kwa chotsutsa ndikofunikira kwambiri, motero kutentha kwa alloy kwa resistivity ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kumatenga gawo lalikulu pakusankha zinthu.

Pamene waya wotsutsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera zinthu (zotentha zamagetsi, toasters, ndi zina zotero), resistivity yapamwamba ndi kukana kwa okosijeni ndizofunikira.

Nthawi zina waya wokana amawunikiridwa ndi ufa wa ceramic ndikumangirira mu chubu cha aloyi wina. Zinthu zotenthetsera zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uvuni wamagetsi ndi zotenthetsera madzi, komanso m'njira zapadera zophikira.
Wayachingwe ndi zingwe zingapo za waya wachitsulo wopindidwa mu helix kupanga "chingwe" chophatikizika, munjira yotchedwa "chingwe choyalidwa". Chingwe chaching'ono chokulirapo chimakhala ndi zingwe zingapo zoyalidwa ngati "chingweadayikidwa".

Mawaya achitsulo a zingwe zamawaya nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chopanda aloyi cha kaboni chokhala ndi mpweya wa 0.4 mpaka 0.95%. Kulimba kwambiri kwa mawaya a zingwe kumathandizira kuti zingwe zizigwira ntchito mwamphamvu komanso kuthamangitsa mitolo yokhala ndi ma diameter ang'onoang'ono.

Zomwe zimatchedwa mtanda zimayika zingwe, mawaya amagulu osiyanasiyana amawoloka. M'zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kutalika kwa mawaya onse ndi ofanana ndipo mawaya a zigawo ziwiri zilizonse zomwe zili pamwamba zimakhala zofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwirizane. Waya wosanjikiza wakunja amathandizidwa ndi mawaya awiri amkati. Mawayawa ndi oyandikana nawo kutalika konse kwa chingwecho. Zingwe zofananira zimapangidwa mu opareshoni imodzi. Kupirira kwa zingwe zamawaya zokhala ndi chingwe chamtunduwu nthawi zonse kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa zomwe (zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri) zokhala ndi zingwe zopingasa. Zingwe zofanana zokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri za waya zimakhala ndi Filler, Seale kapena Warrington.

Kwenikweni, zingwe zozungulira zimakhala zozungulira chifukwa zimakhala ndi zigawo za mawaya omwe amayalidwa mozungulira pakati pomwe mawaya osachepera amodzi amayalidwa mbali ina ndi yakunja. Zingwe zozungulira zimatha kukulitsidwa motere kuti zisazungulira kutanthauza kuti pansi pa kukanikizana, torque ya chingwe imakhala pafupifupi ziro. Chingwe chotseguka chozungulira chimakhala ndi mawaya ozungulira okha. Chingwe chokhoma chokhoma theka ndi chingwe chokhoma chokhoma nthawi zonse chimakhala ndi malo opangidwa ndi mawaya ozungulira. Zingwe zokhoma zili ndi gawo limodzi kapena zingapo zakunja za waya wambiri. Iwo ali ndi mwayi kuti kumanga kwawo kumalepheretsa kulowa kwa dothi ndi madzi kwambiri komanso kumawateteza kuti asatayike mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mwayi wina wofunikira kwambiri popeza malekezero a waya wakunja wosweka sangathe kusiya chingwe ngati ali ndi miyeso yoyenera.

Waya womangika amapangidwa ndi mawaya angapo ang'onoang'ono omangidwa kapena kukulungidwa pamodzi kuti apange kondakitala wamkulu. Waya wokhotakhota ndi wosinthika kwambiri kuposa waya wolimba wagawo lomwelo. Waya wokhazikika umagwiritsidwa ntchitokukana kwakukulukuti kutopa kwachitsulo kumafunika. Mikhalidwe yotereyi imaphatikizapo kugwirizana pakati pa matabwa ozungulira muzitsulo zosindikizira-zozungulira-zambiri, kumene kukhazikika kwa waya wolimba kungapangitse kupanikizika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyenda pa msonkhano kapena kutumikira; Zingwe za AC pazida zamagetsi; chida choimbirachingwes; zingwe za mbewa zamakompyuta; kuwotcherera ma elekitirodi zingwe; zingwe zowongolera zolumikiza zida zamakina osuntha; zingwe zamakina amigodi; zingwe zamakina oyenda; ndi ena ambiri.

Pamaulendo apamwamba, zamakono zimayenda pafupi ndi pamwamba pa waya chifukwa cha khungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi awonongeke mu waya. Waya womangika ukhoza kuwoneka ngati umachepetsa izi, chifukwa gawo lonse la zingwezo ndi lalikulu kuposa gawo la waya wolimba wofanana, koma waya wamba wamba samachepetsa khungu chifukwa zingwe zonse zimazungulira mozungulira komanso zimagwira ntchito. ngati kondakitala mmodzi. Waya womangika adzakhala nawokukana kwakukulukuposa waya wolimba wa m'mimba mwake womwewo chifukwa mtanda wa waya wotsekedwa siwonse wamkuwa; pali mipata yosalephereka pakati pa zingwezo (ili ndi vuto lolongedza mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira). Waya womangika wokhala ndi gawo lofananira la kondakitala ngati waya wolimba akuti ali ndi geji yofananira ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala wokulirapo.

Komabe, pamagwiritsidwe ambiri othamanga kwambiri, kuyandikira kumakhala kowopsa kuposa khungu, ndipo nthawi zina zochepa, waya wosavuta amatha kuchepetsa kuyandikira. Kuti mugwire bwino pama frequency apamwamba, waya wa litz, womwe umakhala ndi zingwe zotsekera komanso zopindika mwapadera, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zingwe zamawaya zochulukira mumtolo wawaya, m'pamenenso mawaya amasinthasintha, osamva kink, osaduka, komanso mwamphamvu wayawo. Komabe, zingwe zambiri zimawonjezera zovuta kupanga komanso mtengo.

Pazifukwa za geometrical, nambala yotsika kwambiri ya zingwe zomwe zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri ndi 7: imodzi pakati, ndi 6 yozungulira molumikizana kwambiri. Mlingo wotsatira ndi 19, womwe ndi wosanjikiza wina wa zingwe 12 pamwamba pa 7. Pambuyo pake chiwerengerocho chimasiyana, koma 37 ndi 49 ndizofala, ndiye mu 70 mpaka 100 (chiwerengerocho sichinali chenicheni). Ziwerengero zokulirapo kuposa izi zimapezeka m'zingwe zazikulu zokha.

Pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe waya amasuntha, 19 ndiyotsika kwambiri yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (7 iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pomwe wayayo amayikidwa kenako osasuntha), ndipo 49 ndi yabwino kwambiri. Pazogwiritsa ntchito ndikuyenda mobwerezabwereza, monga ma robot osonkhana ndi mawaya apamutu, 70 mpaka 100 ndiyofunikira.

Pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kusinthasintha kwambiri, zingwe zochulukira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito (zingwe zowotcherera ndi chitsanzo chanthawi zonse, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse komwe kumafunikira kusuntha waya m'malo olimba). Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi waya wa 2/0 wopangidwa kuchokera ku zingwe 5,292 za #36 gauge waya. Zingwezo zimakonzedwa poyambira kupanga mtolo wa zingwe 7. Kenako 7 mwa mitolo iyi imayikidwa pamodzi kukhala mitolo yapamwamba kwambiri. Pomaliza mitolo 108 yapamwamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chingwe chomaliza. Gulu lirilonse la mawaya limavulazidwa mu helix kotero kuti pamene wayayo wagwedezeka, gawo la mtolo lomwe latambasulidwa limayenda mozungulira helix kupita ku gawo lomwe limapanikizidwa kuti wayayo asakhale ndi nkhawa zochepa.