Kupereka magwero osinthika magetsi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'zaka za zana lino. Madera ofufuza zinthu zokolola zamphamvu zimachokera pamenepa, kuphatikizapo thermoelectric1, Chithunzi cha Phoprophotovoltact3. Ngakhale timasowa zida ndi ziweto zomwe zimatha kukolola mphamvu m'zinthu za Joule, za pyroelectric zomwe zitha kutembenuka mphamvu zamagetsi kuti zisinthe nthawi ndi ma sechers4,6,7. Apa tapanga macroscopic mafuta okolola mphamvu mu mawonekedwe agalasi ya mitundu ya mitundu 42 ya lead svandate, ndikupanga 11.2 j kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa kuzungulira kwa thermodynamic. Module iliyonse ya pyroelect imatha kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi mpaka 4,43 J maset-3 pa kuzungulira. Tikuwonetsanso kuti ma module awiri oterowo akulemera 0,3 g ndikwanira mokwanira kudziyimira pawoomononomononomon mphamvu zokolola ndi Microcorser ndi masensa kutentha. Pomaliza, tikuwonetsa kuti kwa kutentha kwa 10 k, ma carnacitor awa alvial awa amatha kufikira 40% carnot mphamvu. Zinthu izi zimachitika (1) gawo la Ferroelectric Phatikizani pabwino kwambiri, Izi zamacroscopic, zokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira za Pyroelectric zokolola zikubwezeretsanso mphamvu za thermoelectric.
Poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa malo osafunikira kupangira zida za thermoelembles, mphamvu zokolola za thermoelemc zimafuna kutentha pa njinga. Izi zikutanthauza kuzungulira kwa thermodynamic, komwe kumafotokozedwa bwino ndi chipongwe (s)-s) - t). Chithunzi 1A chikuwonetsa chiwembu cha pyroelectric pyroelectric (nlp) chosonyeza gawo loyendetsa ndege zotsogola Magawo a buluu ndi obiriwira a concle pa st coump yofanana ndi mphamvu yosinthidwa mu kuzungulira kwa olson. Apa tikuwona magawo awiri okhala ndi kusintha kwa minda yamagetsi (Field ndi Kuchoka) ndi Kusintha kwa kutentha ΔT, ngakhale kutentha koyambirira koyambirira. Kuzungulira kobiriwira sikuli mu dera losinthira kwa gawo ndipo motero kuli ndi malo ochepa kwambiri kuposa malo amtundu wa buluu omwe ali mu dera la phazi. Mu chithunzi cha st, chachikuluko, mphamvu zosungidwa. Chifukwa chake, kusintha magawo gawo kuyenera kutolera mphamvu zambiri. Kufunika kwa malo akulu ku Nlp ndikofanana kwambiri ndi kufunika kwa ntchito zamagetsi Kuziziritsa Kwazochita Zochita kuzungulira 13,14,15,16. Chifukwa chake, tazindikira plcs ya chidwi chofuna kukolola kwamphamvu kwamafuta. Zitsanzozi zikufotokozedwa bwino mu njirayi ndikudziwika ndi zolemba zowonjezera 1 (scanning electroncropy), 2 (x-ray yosiyanasiyana) ndi 3 (calorimetry).
A, sket of the etropy (s) - t) chiwembu (t) ndi gawo lamagetsi ndikugulitsa zida za NLP kuwonetsa kusintha kwa magawo. Mitundu iwiri yamagetsi imawonetsedwa m'makola awiri osiyanasiyana. Mizere ya buluu ndi yobiriwira imapezeka mkati ndi kunja kwa kusintha kwa gawo, motero, ndi kutha kumadera osiyanasiyana. B, awiri de pst mlc uprolar mphete, 1 mm wambinga, woyeza pakati pa 0 ndi 155 kv cm-1 pa 20 ° Makalata a ABCD amatanthauza ku Mayiko osiyanasiyana mu kuzungulira kwa olson. AB: MLC idalipidwa ku 155 kv cm-1 pa 20 ° C. BC: MLC idasungidwa pa 155 KV CM-1 ndipo kutentha kunakwezedwa mpaka 90 ° C. CD: MLC Kuphonya kwa 90 ° C. Da: Mlc adaza mpaka 20 ° C mu gawo zero. Malo abuluu amafanana ndi mphamvu yolowera amayenera kuyambitsa kuzungulira. Malo a lalanje ndi mphamvu yosungidwa imodzi. c, gulu lapamwamba, magetsi (zakuda) ndi nthawi yapano (yofiyira) yomwe ikutsutsana, idatsata nthawi yomweyo kuzungulira komweko. Maudindo awiriwo akuimira magetsi a voliyumu ndi zamakono pa mfundo zazikuluzikulu. Pagulu lapansi, ma curve achikasu ndi obiriwira amaimira kutentha komwe ndi magetsi, motsatana, kwa 1 mm wagwera mlc. Mphamvu imawerengeredwa kuchokera ku ma curve apano ndi magetsi pamtunda wapamwamba. Magetsi olakwika amafanana ndi mphamvu zosungidwa. Masitepe ofanana ndi zilembo zazikulu mu ziwerengero zinayi ndi zofanana ndi kuzungulira kwa olson. Chovala chake chimafanana ndi kuzungulira kwa kuzungulira (chowonjezera chowonjezera 7).
komwe e ndi d ndi gawo lamagetsi ndi malo ochotsa magetsi, motero. ND imatha kupezeka molunjika kuchokera ku derget (mkuyu. 1B) kapena mwachindunji poyambira kuzungulira kwa thermodynamic. Njira zothandiza kwambiri zomwe alsen adalongosoledwa ndi upainiya posonkhanitsa mphamvu za Pyroelectric mu 1980s17.
Pa mkuyu. 1b akuwonetsa zidutswa ziwiri za monopolar de. Izi ziwiri izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mphamvu zomwe olson omwe adawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1A. M'malo mwake, kuzungulira kwa nthambi ziwiri za Iro C ku Nthambi ya CD) Mphamvu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi yozungulira zimafanana ndi madera a lalanje ndi abuluu (edd ofunika). Mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi ND ndi kusiyana pakati pa zopangira ndi mphamvu zotulutsa, mwachitsanzo, malalanje a lalanje chokha mu mkuyu. 1b. Izi zimapereka mphamvu ya olson imapereka mphamvu ya 1.78 J cm-3. Kuzungulira kosangalatsa ndi njira ina ya olson (cholembedwa chowonjezera 7). Chifukwa malo okhazikika (otseguka) amafikiridwa mosavuta, mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku mkuyu. Izi ndi 70% yokha ya zomwe olson amatha kusonkhanitsa, koma zida zosavuta zokolola zimazichita.
Kuphatikiza apo, tinayeza molunjika mphamvu pa nthawi ya olson popatsa mphamvu plc mlc pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa kutentha ndi gwero loyambira (njira). Chithunzi 1c pamwamba komanso pazinthu za ulemu zimawonetsa zomwe zilipo (zofiira) ndi volimage (zakuda) zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa 1 mm ml ml ml ml olson. Zomwe zilipo pano ndi magetsi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo ma curve amawonetsedwa mu mkuyu. 1C, pansi (wobiriwira) ndi kutentha (wachikasu) kuzungulira kozungulira. Makalata a ABCD akuimira kuzungulira komweko ku mkuyu. 1. Zotsatira za izi zomwe zimachitika kale ndikuti magetsi opindika (wakuda curve) sakhala mzere chifukwa cha mzere womwe sunatulutse gawo lokhala ndi mzere (mkuyu. Pamapeto pa phompho, 30 mj of Energy Stron amasungidwa mu MLC (point B). The MLC kenako imatentha komanso yopanda pake (chifukwa chake yomwe ili ndi vuto) imapangidwa pomwepo pa 600 mj, pomwe pamapeto pake kutentha kochokera ku mkuyu. 1c, pamwamba). Mphamvu pa MLC (Nthambi CD) ikuchepetsedwa, ndikupangitsa kuti muzowonjezera 60 mj wa ntchito yamagetsi. Mphamvu zonsezi ndi 95 mj. Mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa zowonjezera ndi mphamvu zotulutsa, zomwe zimapereka 95 - 30 = 65 MJ. Izi zikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa 1.84 J maset-3, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ND yochokera ku mphete. Kuletsa kubereka kwa olson kumene kumayesedwa kwambiri (chowonjezera chowonjezera 4). Powonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi kutentha, tidakwanitsa 4.43 J ma cm-3 ogwiritsa ntchito ma ptc pamtunda wa 750 V (195 ° CM mm Awa ndi akulu kasanu kuposa momwe amagwirira ntchito zomwe zanenedwa ndi olson ndipo adapezeka pa mafilimu owonda a PB (mg) o3-PM) 18 (PM-3) 18 (ma cm) 18). Kuchita uku kwafika kuzomwe zimapezeka kwambiri kwa mlcs (<10-7 a pa 750 v ndi 180 ° Et Al.19 ,. Kuchita uku kwafika kuzomwe zimapezeka kwambiri kwa mlcs (<10-7 a pa 750 v ndi 180 ° Et Al.19 ,. Д длртидаки очисст Mukugwiritsa ntchito вртто пммммен прммен <Пом 19 - вллалаванм. Makhalidwe awa adakwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha kutaya kochepa kwambiri kwa mlcs (<10-7 a pa 750 v ndi 180 ° C, onani Zolemba Zowonjezera 6 Kuti mumve zambiri) - mfundo yovuta kwambiri ya Smith et al. 19 - Mosiyana ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro ayambiriro17,20.由于这些 MLC 的 在 750 v 和 180 ° C 时 <10-7 A.由于 这些 mlc 的 非常 (在 在 在 750 v 和 时 时说明相比之 a a a a))))).) - Mairiyimu ndi kuti, 相比之 y 的 17:20. Поколь Andук уть Клллллюючce моен - упомян 19 - дя р Popeza kutayika kwa MLC iyi ndi yotsika kwambiri (<10-7 A pa 750 V ndi 180 ° C, onani Zolemba Zowonjezera 6 Kuti mumve zambiri) - mfundo zazikuluzikulu zotchulidwa za Smith et al. 19 - Kuyerekezera, izi zimatheka.Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro ayambiriro 17,20.
Zomwezi (600 v, 20-90 ° C) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira (chowonjezera chowonjezera 7). Monga momwe zimafunidwira ku zotsatira za con cycle, zokolola zinali 41.0 mj. Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zamitundu yosangalatsa ndi kuthekera kwawo kokweza magetsi oyambirirawo kudzera mu thermoelertric zotsatira. Tidaona phindu lamagetsi la 39 (kuchokera ku magetsi oyambira 15 v ku magetsi omaliza mpaka 590 v, onani mkuyu. 7.2).
Choyimira china chosiyanitsa cha mlcs ndikuti ndi zinthu zamankhwala zokwanira kuti zisonkhanitse mphamvu muzosangalatsa za Joule. Chifukwa chake, tidapanga wokonza puta (Harv1) pogwiritsa ntchito 28 mlc pr 1 mm matrate et al.14. Sungani mpaka 3.1 j pogwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira kwa olson zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mkuyu. 2A, madera a isothermal pa 10 ° C ndi 125 ° C ndi madera a isofield pa 0 ndi 750 V (195 KV CM-1). Izi zikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya 3.14 J cm-3. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza izi, miyeso idatengedwa pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana (mkuyu. 2b). Dziwani kuti 1.8 j j idapezeka pamtunda wa 80 ° C ndi voliyumu ya 600 v (155 kv cm-1). Izi zikugwirizana bwino ndi zomwe zidatchulidwa kale za 1 mm 1 mm mlc pansi pazomwezo (28 × 65 = 1820 mj).
A, mafinya oyesera a Harv1 Prototype yochokera patsamba 28 mlc psts 1 mm (mizere 4 × 7 mizati) ikuyenda pa kuzungulira kwa olson. Pazinthu zonsezi zamayendedwe anayi, kutentha ndi magetsi kumaperekedwa mu prototype. Kompyutayi imayendetsa pampu ya peristoctic yomwe imazungulira madzi akufa pakati pa osungira komanso otentha, mavuvu awiri, ndi gwero lamphamvu. Kompyutayi imagwiritsanso ntchito ma thermocoutic kuti atole deta pa voliyumu ndi yomwe yaperekedwa kwa prototype ndi kutentha kwa kuphatikiza kwa magetsi. b, mphamvu (utoto) wotengedwa ndi 4 × 7 mlpotype kutentha kwa kutentha (x-axis) ndi magetsi (y-axis) m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Mtundu wokulirapo wa wokolola (Harv2) ndi 60 pst mlc 1 mm mlc 0,5 mm 11.2 J Mu 1984, olsen adapanga mphamvu yokolola kutengera 317 g ya pb (ZR, TI) O3 Compround okhoza kupanga magetsi 6.2 ° C (Ref. 21). Pakuphatikiza izi, izi ndi phindu lina lokha lomwe limapezeka muzomwe zangoyipirira. Zinangodutsa theka la mtengo womwe timapeza ndipo pafupifupi kasanu kasanu kasanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu zamagetsi za harv2 ndizokwera nthawi 13.
Nthawi ya harv1 yozungulira ndi masekondi 57. Izi zidapanga 54 mw mphamvu ndi mizere 4 ya 7 mizere ya 1 mm. Kuti titengere izi mopitilira, tinapanga njira yachitatu (Harv3) ndi 0,5mm Berm Mlc ndi kukhazikitsa kofanana ku Harv1 ndi Harv2 (Wowonjezera 9). Tidayeza nthawi yayitali ya masekondi 12.5. Izi zikufanana ndi nthawi yozungulira 25 s (yowonjezerayu. 9). Mphamvu zosonkhanitsidwa (47 mj) imapereka mphamvu yamagetsi ya 1.95 mw pa MLC, yomwe imatilola kulingalira kuti Harv2 imatulutsa 0,55. Kuphatikiza apo, timasanthula kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la Fintement (ComSOl, Zowonjezera Zowonjezera 10 ndi ma Goritsi owonjezera 2-4) ofanana ndi kuyesa kwa Harv1. Kutsanzira kwa chidule kunapangitsa kulosera za mphamvu zamphamvu pafupifupi (430 mw) kwa ziwerengero zomwezi ndi kuwunika kwa MLC mpaka 0.2 mm, ndikugwiritsa ntchito matrix mpaka mizere 7. × 4 mzaka (kuwonjezera pa, panali 960 mw pomwe thankiyo inali pafupi ndi kuphatikiza, wowonjezera mkuyu. 10b).
Kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa osonkhanirayu, kuzungulira komwe kumachitika kumayiko owoneka ngati 0,5 mm momwe otola ndi osungirako otentha, osinthira owonjezera 11). Chigawocho chimafunikira capicactotion yosungira kuti iperekedwe ku 9v kenako ndikuyendetsa pawokha pomwe kutentha kwa mlc kumayambira -5 ° C mpaka 80.. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mlc iwiri yolemera 0,3g yokha itha kuyang'anira dongosolo lalikulu ili. Chinthu china chosangalatsa ndichakuti kusintha kwamphamvu kwa magetsi kumatha kutembenuza 400V mpaka 10-15V ndi ma 79V othandiza (chowonjezera chowonjezera 11 ndi Chithunzi 11.3).
Pomaliza, tinayesa luso la ma module a MLC potembenuza mphamvu yamafuta kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Cholinga cha Ubwino
Ziwerengero 3a, B onetsetsani bwino dsen, motsatana, motsatana, ngati ntchito kutentha kwa 0,5 mm mlc. Magawo onse awiri amaperekedwa kuti azikhala ndi gawo lamagetsi la 195 KV masentimita 1. Kuchita bwino \ (\ \) kumafika 1.43%, komwe ndikofanana ndi 18% ya ntur. Komabe, kwa kutentha kwa 10 K kuyambira 25 ° C mpaka 35 ° C mpaka 3% ya Rurb. Izi ndizomwe zimadziwika kawiri za zida zojambulidwa za PMM-PT-PT-PT-1%) mu kutentha kwa 10 k ndi 300 kv-1 (Rev. 18). Kutentha kumayambira pansi pa 10 k sanali kuganiziridwa chifukwa ma hysteresis a pst mlc ali pakati pa 5 ndi 8 k. Kuzindikira zotsatira zabwino za kusintha kwa Phase panjira yothandiza ndiyo kukangana. M'malo mwake, malingaliro oyenera a η ndi nterr pafupifupi onse amapezeka kumapeto koyambirira ti = 25 ° C mu nkhuyu. 3A, b. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kusintha kwapafupi komwe palibe gawo lapakati ndipo kutentha kwa cur cser nc pali 20 °
A, B, Ubwino 一} \, \, \) (b) kwa MPC PST 0,5 mm wambinayi, kutengera kutentha kwa ΔtPan.
Cholemba chomaliza chimakhala ndi tanthauzo lachiwiri lofunika: (2) Zipangizozi zimagwira bwino ntchito nthawi zonse zimayandikira TC. Ngakhale zokhudzana ndi zoyesa zazikulu zimawonetsedwa pakuyesa kwathu, kutentha pang'ono sikupangitsa kuti tikwaniritse bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa carnot (\ delta t / t \). Komabe, kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa mlc iyi kumalungamitsa Olsen atatchulapo kuti "kalasi yabwino ya thermoelectric magalimoto pa 50 %% yomwe ili ndi ntchito ya 30%". Kuti akwaniritse izi ndi kuyesa lingaliro, zingakhale zothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma psts omwe ali ndi ma pss osiyanasiyana, monga amaphunzirira ndi Shengonov ndi Brman. Adawonetsa kuti TC mu PSS imasiyana ndi 3 ° C (sb dopang) mpaka 33 ° C (ti dopting) 22. Chifukwa chake, timakulirani zilombo zotsatila za m'badwo wotsatira zochokera ku mlcs plcs kapena zida zina ndi kusintha kwamphamvu koyamba kwa gawo kumatha kupikisana ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri.
Mu kafukufukuyu, tinkafufuza malc opangidwa kuchokera ku PST. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi zingapo ndi ma elekitikisi a PSS, pomwe makanema angapo amalumikizidwa mofananamo. PST idasankhidwa chifukwa ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri ndipo chifukwa chake zinthu zabwino za NLP. Imawonetsa gawo lakuthwa kwambiri la feerolectric lorserric kuzungulira 20 ° C, kuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwake ndi kofanana ndi komwe kukuwonetsedwa ndi zida za EC13,16. Mu kafukufukuyu, tinali kugwiritsa ntchito 10.4 × 7.2 × 1 mm³ ndi 10.4 × 7.2 × 0,5 mm malcs. MLC yokhala ndi makulidwe a 1 mm ndi 0,5 mm adapangidwa kuyambira 19 ndi 9 zigawo za PST ndi makulidwe a 38.6 μm, motero. M'magawo onse awiriwa, mkati mwa pst wa mkati mwake unayikidwa pakati pa 2.05 μm wandiweyani ma elekitinumu. Mapangidwe a mlcs awa amaganiza kuti 55% ya ma psts amagwira ntchito, zogwirizana ndi gawo pakati pa electrodes (chowonjezera chowonjezera 1). Dera logwira ntchito linali 48.7 mm2 (tebulo lowonjezera 5). MLC PST idakonzedwa ndi gawo lolimba la magawo ndi kuponyera. Tsatanetsatane wa njira yokonzekera afotokozedwera m'nkhani yapita14. Chimodzi mwazosiyana pakati pa pst mlc ndi nkhani yapitayo ndi dongosolo la ma b-a ma b, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri momwe EC iperekedwe. Dongosolo la ma B-Masamba a pst mlc ndi 0.75 (Wowonjezera Wowonjezera 2) Kupezeka ndi Kuchimwa nthawi ya 1400 ° C. Kuti mumve zambiri pa pst mlc, onani zolemba zowonjezera 1-3 ndi tebulo lowonjezera 5.
Lingaliro lalikulu la phunziroli limachokera pa kuzungulira kwa olson (mkuyu. 1). Pakuzungulira koteroko, timafunikira chosungira komanso chozizira komanso kuyendetsa mphamvu zotheka kuwunikira ndikuwongolera magetsi komanso zamakono mu ma module osiyanasiyana a MLC. Zozungulirazi zotsogola zidagwiritsidwa ntchito makonzedwe awiri, omwe ndi (1) ma module amalumikizana ndikupanga mphamvu imodzi ya Keithley, ndipo (2) ma prototypes (a Harv2 ndi Harv3) mogwirizana ndi gwero lomwelo. Pamapeto pake, mafuta a diectric madzi (mafuta a silicacone omwe ali ndi mafayilo 5 CP pa 25 ° pa 25 ° pa 25 ° ° C, wogulidwa kuchokera ku Sigma Alrich) adagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa pakati pa malo awiriwo (otentha komanso ozizira) ndi MLC. Thermal reservoir imakhala ndi chidebe chagalasi chodzaza ndi madzimadzi amadzimadzi ndikuyika pamwamba pa mbale yamatenthedwe. Kusungidwa kozizira kumakhala ndi madzi osamba ndi machubu amadzimadzi okhala ndi madzi ambiri mu chidebe chachikulu cha pulasitiki chodzaza ndi madzi ndi ayezi. Ma Vols awiri oyenda atatu (olandidwa kuchokera ku Bio-Chema-Chemics) adayikidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kuphatikiza moyenera kusintha madzi kuchokera ku malo ena (Chithunzi 2A). Kuonetsetsa kuti materi ofanana pakati pa pst-mlc phukusi la PS-MLC ndi ozizira, nthawi yozizira idakulirapo mpaka kulowera ndi ma thermocoutics (pafupi kwambiri ndi Phukusi la PS-MLC) adawonetsa kutentha komweko. Ma scription a Python amagwiritsa ntchito zida zonse (ma preterrononge, mabotolo, mavalo, ndi thermocoustive poyambira portiction yomwe idafunidwa ndi Olson.
Kapenanso, tatsimikizira izi mwachindunji za mphamvu zosonkhanitsidwa ndi njira zosadziwika. Njira zosasinthika izi ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi magetsi (d) - munda wamagetsi (e) Mafuta a Magetsi (E) Magetsi osemedwa, ndipo pakuwerengera malowa pakati pa malupu awiri, imodzi imatha kutchula molondola kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, monga momwe zimawonekera. Chithunzi 2. .1b. Izi malupu zimasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafielley.
Makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zitatu 1 mm mlcs maps adasonkhana mu mzere wa 4, wofanana ndi 7-Countlel ofanana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. 14. Madzi am'madzi pakati pa mizere ya PST-MLC ndi 0.75mm. Izi zimatheka powonjezera ma straps ophatikizika mbali ziwiri ngati madzi amadzimadzi mozungulira m'mphepete mwa prc. MLC ya PSC imalumikizidwa pamagetsi yofanana ndi sigoli yasiliva. Pambuyo pake, mawaya adagwidwa ndi siliva kumbali iliyonse ya ma elekitirodi a electrode polumikizana ndi magetsi. Pomaliza, ikani kapangidwe kake konse mu payipi ya polylefin. Zotsirizira zimayikidwa ku chubu chamafuta kuti zitsimikizire kusindikiza. Pomaliza, 0,25 mm Wamtunda wa K-Buy thermoous adamangidwa kumapeto kwa PST-MLC kuwunikira cholembera ndi kutentha kwamafuta. Kuti muchite izi, payipi iyenera kuperekedwa koyamba. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa thermocouple, ikani zomatira zomwezo monga kale payipi ya therocouple ndi waya kuti mubwezeretse chisindikizo.
Ma prototy equoty eyiti adamangidwa, anayi mwa omwe anali ndi 40,5 mm maps ndi ma psts ofalitsidwa ndi mizere 5 ndi mizere 8, ndipo otsalawo anali ndi 1 1. Mu 3-codemn × 5-mzere wofananawo. Chiwerengero chonse cha PLCS chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chinali 220 (160 0,5 mm wandiweyani ndi 60 pst mlc 1 mm. Timatcha atsogoleri awiri awa Harv2_160 ndi Harv2_60. Madzimadzi amadzimadzi mu prototype harv2_160 imakhala ndi matepi awiri ocheperako 0,25 mm wandiweyani ndi waya 0,25 mm pakati pawo. Kwa harv2_60 prototype, tidabwereza njira yomweyo, koma kugwiritsa ntchito 0.38 mm waya wandiweyani. Kwa symmetry, harv2_10 ndi Harv2_60 ali ndi madera awo am'madzi, mavalo, ndi mbali yozizira (DETERVARY 8). Awiri a Harv2 amagawana zotsitsimutsa kutentha, chidebe cha 3 lita imodzi (30 cm x 20 cm) pamapulogalamu awiri otentha okhala ndi maginito ozungulira. Ma prototy onse asanu ndi atatu aliwonse amalumikizidwa mofananamo. Harv2_Momandi ndi Harv2_60 Ampulogalamu amagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo munthawi ya olson zomwe zidapangitsa kukolola 11.2 J.
Ikani 0,5mm yolimba pst mlc mu pollolefin payipi ndi tepi iwiri inali ndi waya mbali zonse ziwiri kuti mupange malo kuti atulutse madzi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, prototype idayikidwa pafupi ndi valavu yotentha kapena yozizira yozizira, mphindi zochepetsera.
Mu pst mlc, malo amagetsi mosalekeza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito voliyumu yosatha nthawi yotentha. Zotsatira zake, kutentha kwamitundu komwe kumapangidwa ndipo mphamvu zimasungidwa. Pambuyo potenthetsa PLC, mundawo umachotsedwa (v = 0), ndipo mphamvu zosungidwa mkati mwake zimabwezedwanso ku gwero la magwero, zomwe zikufanana ndi gawo limodzi la mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa. Pomaliza, ndi vol volt v = 0 imayikidwa, ma pscs a mlc amakhazikika mpaka kutentha kwawo kuti kuzungulira kungayambitsenso. Pakadali pano, mphamvu sizisonkhanitsidwa. Tidathamangitsa kuzungulira kwa alsen 2410 Regmemeter, kuwongolera mlc kuchokera ku gwero la magetsi ndikukhazikitsa njira yoyenera kuti mfundo zokwanira zitheke.
Muzomwe zimayambitsa, ma pst mlcs adayimbidwa ndi volder fordom njira yoyambira (yoyambirira ya voliyumu Vi>) Muzomwe zimayambitsa, ma pst mlcs adayimbidwa ndi volder fordom njira yoyambira (yoyambirira ya voliyumu Vi>) Пи эли ч и (начальое На ПяЕение Vi> 0), - ктачничесто Тсчек энергия Muzomwe zimayambitsa kuzungulira kwa mlc, adayimbidwa mlandu wamagetsi pamtengo wamagetsi (oyambira voliyumu yoyambirira VI>)在斯特林循环中, pst mlc 在电压源模式在电压源模式 以初始电场值 (初始电压 VI> 0) 的 的 1) 的 (的 的 1) 秒. Mu mkono wa Master, a PSC amalipiritsa pamtengo woyambirira wamagetsi (magetsi oyambira) mu magetsi a voliyumu, kotero kuti tatenga mfundo zokwanira kuwerengera (mphamvu) komanso kutentha kochepa. В ц цина pst mlc заряает p На Пяжени что аря тодато 1/ количyстhati Тодкко эсеерг) Mu gawo losangalatsa, mlc mlc imayikidwa mu volment Source Moder Model ndi mtengo woyambirira wamagetsi (magetsi oyambiranso?Asanafike PLC isanakwane, tsegulani dera lofananira ndi i = 0 Ma (zofananira kwenikweni zomwe gwero lathu loyezera limatha kuthana ndi 10 NO). Zotsatira zake, mlandu umakhalabe mu PRK ya MJK, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imawonjezeka ngati zitsanzo zimayamba kutentha. Palibe mphamvu yotengedwa mu mkono bc chifukwa i = 0 ma. Pambuyo pakuyamba kutentha kwambiri, magetsi mu stl ft ft (nthawi zina zopitilira 30, onani MLK FT imasungidwa mwa iwo momwemonso. Makalata omwewo amabwerera ku matikitala. Chifukwa cha magetsi, mphamvu zosungidwa kutentha kwambiri ndizokwera kuposa zomwe zidaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa kuzungulira. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu zimapezeka potembenuza kutentha kukhala magetsi.
Tidagwiritsa ntchito Keithley 2410 Expmeter kuti tiwonetsetse voliyumu komanso yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku PSS MLC. Mphamvu yofananira imawerengedwa pophatikiza mankhwala a voliyumu ndi owerengedwa ndi makesi a Keithley's { Kumanja) {v} _ {{rm}}}} (t) \), nthawi ya nthawi. Pa zopindika zathu zopindika, mphamvu zabwino zimatanthawuza mphamvu zomwe timapereka kuti tipereke kwa iwo a MLC PST, ndipo zabwino zoyipa zimatanthawuza mphamvu zomwe timazichotsa chifukwa chake mphamvu zomwe tazipeza. Mphamvu yachibale yopanga zotola zopangidwa zimatsimikiziridwa ndikugawa mphamvu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi nthawi yonseyi.
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